全球化背景下主权理论的嬗变

发布时间：2018-09-16 21:16

【摘要】：全球化是当今客观存在的社会现象,对全球化的不同定义说明全球化具有多维度的特征,这种多维度主要表现在以下几点:一是经济要素的全球配置;二是社会治理结构的变化;三是信息高度一体化;四是人口的全球流动;五是生态环境的全球影响与治理;六是全球的文化交流。经济全球化是全球化的最初表现,也是全球化其他方面的动力。全球化引起了全方位的社会变革,理论界也因为主权受到全球化的影响对主权进行了热烈的探讨。主权是一个历史的概念,它不是从来就有的。资本主义从产生的那一天起就是世界性的,只不过这种世界性到今天才明显的表现出来,也就是说资本主义的本质就是全球化。根据经济基础决定上层建筑的原理,主权理论的嬗变与资本主义不同的发展阶段有着大致对应的关系。在资本主义萌芽时期,因为资产阶级自身实力的弱小,所以他们与君主联合,借助君主的力量来实现商品经济发展所需要统一市场的目标,在此背景下君主主权理论诞生了。君主主权理论认为君主的主权是绝对的、无限的,为君主建立统一的国家和国内市场提供了理论上的支持。在资本主义确立发展时期,资产阶级与君主的联盟因为封建主义与资本主义之间的矛盾而破裂,资本主义经过前期的发展已经羽翼丰满,而以君主为代表的封建制度已经成为资本主义进一步发展的障碍,因此,资产阶级以人民主权理论为工具,推翻了封建政权,建立资产阶级政权。而到了资本主义全球扩张时期,国内统一的市场已经无法满足资本主义发展的需要,资本主义急需向外扩张以满足自己对原材料和市场的需要,作为其反对封建主义的人民主权理论已经成为其对外扩张的绊脚石,而广大的发展中国家通过发展、丰富主权理论的内涵——诸如民族自决权、经济主权、文化主权的提出,反对资本主义国家的殖民统治、维护自己经济、文化等方面的主权。因此,世界上出现了关于两种不同主权观的声音。一方面是资本主义国家为了把全球变成他的工厂和市场开始提出的弱化甚至是否定主权的理论;另一方面是发展中国家要求强化主权的声音。从上述主权理论的嬗变过程我们可以清楚地看到,主权理论是为政治服务的工具,是结合国家、社会具体情形的可变。主权并不像当代西方国家所说的那样已经过时,弱化或否定主权的理论实质是为资本主义国家进行全球扩张服务的。资本主义国家之间的交流仍然遵循着主权原则,欧盟就是一个很好的例证。欧盟是在成员国同意让渡一部分主权的前提下形成的,但这种主权让渡的实质是主权行使权的让渡,因此目前欧盟应该是一个过渡性的政府间组织,而不是超国家组织或联邦式实体。因此,在全球化的背景下,国家主权应该以积极的、能动的姿态理性地加以回应和应对,这包括国家主权观念、结构的变化。而中国应该结合自己的国情,采取理性的应对措施,融入到全球化的进程中,在发展自己的同时也较好地维护本国的利益。
[Abstract]:Globalization is an objective social phenomenon nowadays. Different definitions of globalization show that globalization has multi-dimensional characteristics, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the global allocation of economic factors; second, the change of social governance structure; third, the high integration of information; fourth, the global flow of population; fifth, the ecological environment. Globalization is the initial manifestation of globalization, and it is also the driving force of other aspects of globalization. Globalization has brought about all-round social changes, and the theoretical circles have carried out a heated discussion on sovereignty because of the influence of globalization on sovereignty.
Sovereignty is a historical concept, it is not always there. Capitalism has been worldwide since the day it came into being, but this worldwide nature has only been manifested to this day. That is to say, the essence of capitalism is globalization. According to the principle that economic basis determines superstructure, the evolution of sovereignty theory and capitalist ownership In the embryonic period of capitalism, because of the weakness of the bourgeoisie's own strength, they united with the monarch to achieve the goal of unified market for the development of commodity economy by means of the monarch's power. Under this background, the theory of monarchy was born. The sovereignty of the monarch is absolute and infinite, which provides theoretical support for the monarch to establish a unified state and domestic market.During the period of the establishment and development of capitalism, the alliance between the bourgeoisie and the monarch broke up because of the contradiction between feudalism and capitalism, and capitalism has been full-fledged in its early development, while the monarch has been taken as its own. The feudal system represented by the bourgeoisie has become an obstacle to the further development of capitalism. Therefore, the bourgeoisie overthrew the feudal regime and established the bourgeois regime with the tool of the theory of human democratic rights. Expansion to meet their own needs for raw materials and markets has become a stumbling block to their external expansion as their anti-feudalism theory of people's sovereignty. The vast number of developing countries, through development, enrich the connotation of sovereignty theory - such as the right of national self-determination, economic sovereignty, cultural sovereignty, against the capitalist countries Therefore, there are two different views of sovereignty in the world. On the one hand, the theory of weakening or even denying sovereignty that capitalist countries began to put forward in order to turn the world into their factories and markets; on the other hand, the voice of developing countries demanding strengthening sovereignty. Sound.
From the evolution of the above-mentioned sovereignty theory, we can clearly see that the theory of sovereignty is a tool for political service, a combination of state and social changes. Exchanges between capitalist countries still follow the principle of sovereignty, and the EU is a good example. The EU is formed on the premise that the member states agree to transfer part of their sovereignty, but the essence of this transfer is the transfer of sovereignty exercise power. Therefore, the EU should be a transitional intergovernmental organization, not a super-state. Family organization or federal entity.
Therefore, under the background of globalization, the state sovereignty should respond and respond rationally with a positive and dynamic attitude, including the change of the concept and structure of state sovereignty. Interest.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D992

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