国家刑事责任若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 16:54

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步和国际全球化趋势的加强,国际犯罪的形式开始多样化、复杂化。为了能够更好的预防和惩治国际犯罪,有必要在国际法的相关公约中明确国际犯罪的主体以及其相关的责任制度。唯有如此才能使国际法律责任制度得以完善和健全,从而更好地维护国际社会秩序的稳定。国际犯罪的刑事责任主体是国际刑法领域内的一个基本命题,是预防和惩治国际犯罪所必需解决的首要条件。由于国际刑法特殊的成长环境,‘对国际犯罪刑事责任主体的界定一直存在争议。当前国际社会发展迅猛,个人在国际社会中扮演着越来越重要的角色,并且在国际法实践中,越来越多的出现了个人直接享有国际法上的权利,承担国际法上的义务,甚至在国际法庭提起诉讼的情况。很明显个人不是国际法主体的观点已经不符合当前国际社会与国际法的发展形势。个人国际刑事责任的理论在国际法上已经确立,而国家国际刑事责任则不然。由于定条件的自然人的行为可以归因于国家,国家承担相应的国家责任,而战争罪行被认为是国际犯罪,根据国家责任法的原理可以将国际犯罪归结到国家来承担责任,故国家可以作为国际犯罪的主体。在传统国际法相冲突的情况下,国家国际刑事责任在国家责任法上争议颇大,但由于实然意义上的有罪不罚不能否定应然意义上的有罪必罚和罪刑对称,所以国家国际刑事责任在逻辑上是可以成立的,但它必然要突破传统国际法的框架。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology and the strengthening of the trend of international globalization, the forms of international crime are becoming diversified and complicated. In order to better prevent and punish international crime, it is necessary to clarify the subject of international crime and its related liability system in the relevant conventions of international law. Only in this way can the system of international legal responsibility be perfected and perfected, and the stability of international social order be better maintained. The subject of criminal responsibility of international crimes is a basic proposition in the field of international criminal law and the first condition to prevent and punish international crimes. Because of the special growing environment of international criminal law, the definition of the subject of criminal responsibility for international crimes has always been controversial. At present, the international community is developing rapidly, the individual is playing an increasingly important role in the international community, and in the practice of international law, more and more individuals have directly enjoyed the rights and obligations in international law. Even in the case of proceedings before an international tribunal. It is clear that the view that the individual is not a subject of international law is no longer in line with the current development of international society and international law. The theory of individual international criminal responsibility has been established in international law, while the international criminal responsibility of States is not. Since the acts of natural persons under certain conditions can be attributed to the State, the State bears the corresponding State responsibility, while war crimes are considered international crimes. According to the principle of the law of State responsibility, international crimes can be attributed to the responsibility of the State. Therefore, the state can be the subject of international crimes. Under the conflict of the traditional international law, the international criminal responsibility of the state is controversial in the law of state responsibility, but the impunity in the actual sense cannot deny the necessary punishment and the symmetry of the crime and punishment in the proper sense. Therefore, national international criminal responsibility can be established logically, but it must break through the framework of traditional international law.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.9

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