我国反倾销实践中因果关系认定问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 16:41

【摘要】：反倾销措施作为贸易救济的一种重要手段,已经被各国所广泛地使用,为确保国际贸易自由发展,实现WTO的宗旨,WTO制定了《反倾销协定》使反倾销措施更加规范的实施。适用反倾销措施的三大要件是倾销、损害、倾销与损害之间存在因果关系,其中能否证明损害事实与倾销行为之间具有因果关系对能否发起反倾销措施起决定性作用。但是GATT/WTO对于反倾销因果关系的相关规定非常原则化,也没有出台统一的反倾销因果关系认定标准,各国及学界并没有一致的理解。自1997年以来,中国已连续多年成为遭受反倾销立案调查最多的国家,许多产品被征收了高额的反倾销税,造成我国经济与相关竞争产业巨大的损失。本文试图从WTO规则与部分国家及地区的立法和反倾销实践出发,来研究我国反倾销案件中因果关系认定的问题,并试图提出对我国反倾销立法和实践有借鉴意义的建议,主要从以下四个方面进行论述。第一部分论述反倾销因果关系认定的基础问题。首先分析我国成为国际反倾销最大受害国的原因,从国内和国外两方面进行剖析；然后对因果关系进行界定,即广义的因果关系与反倾销中的因果关系,并与哲学、民法中侵权法的因果关系进行区分,然后介绍WTO《反倾销协定》中因果关系主要判定标准,即“主要原因”标准、“实质原因”标准与“原因之一”标准。第二部分对GATT/WTO框架下反倾销因果关系进行分析。首先介绍GATT/WTO框架下反倾销因果关系规则的历史沿革,然后分析现行WTO《反倾销协定》中关于因果关系的具体规定,同时对多哈回合谈判中修改《反倾销协定》的主要观点和原因进行分析,比较各种观点的利弊。第三部分评述美国、欧盟与我国在反倾销实践中因果关系的适用问题,这部分主要运用理论与案例相结合的方法来分析。第四部分在前三部分分析的基础上对完善我国反倾销立法中的因果关系认定标准拟提出一些建议,并对具体实践中我国对国际上对华的反倾销案件提出可行的应对方案。
[Abstract]:Anti-dumping measures, as an important means of trade relief, have been widely used by various countries. In order to ensure the free development of international trade and realize the purpose of WTO, WTO formulated the Anti-dumping Agreement to make anti-dumping measures more standardized. The three important elements of applying anti-dumping measures are dumping, injury, and there is a causal relationship between dumping and injury, and whether it can be proved that there is a causal relationship between the fact of injury and the act of dumping plays a decisive role in initiating anti-dumping measures. However, the relevant provisions of GATT/WTO on antidumping causality are very principled, and there is no uniform standard for the identification of anti-dumping causality, which countries and scholars do not have a consistent understanding. Since 1997, China has been the country that suffered the most anti-dumping investigation for many years, many products have been levied high anti-dumping duty, resulting in huge losses of our economy and related competitive industries. Based on the WTO rules and the legislation and antidumping practices of some countries and regions, this paper attempts to study the problem of causality in anti-dumping cases in China, and puts forward some suggestions for reference to the legislation and practice of antidumping in China. Mainly from the following four aspects to discuss. The first part discusses the basic issues of anti-dumping causality. This paper first analyzes the reasons why China has become the biggest victim of international anti-dumping, and then defines the causality, that is, the broad sense of causation and the causation in antidumping, and philosophy. The causality of tort law in civil law is distinguished, and then the main criterion of causality in WTO Agreement of Anti-dumping is introduced, that is, "main cause" standard, "substantial cause" standard and "one of causes" standard. The second part analyzes the causality of anti-dumping under the framework of GATT/WTO. This paper first introduces the historical evolution of the rules of anti-dumping causality under the framework of GATT/WTO, and then analyzes the specific provisions on causation in the current WTO Agreement on Anti-dumping. At the same time, this paper analyzes the main viewpoints and reasons of amending the Anti-dumping Agreement in the Doha Round negotiation, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the various viewpoints. The third part reviews the application of causality in anti-dumping practice between the United States, the European Union and China, which is mainly analyzed by the method of combining theory with cases. On the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, the fourth part puts forward some suggestions to perfect the criterion of causality in China's antidumping legislation, and puts forward some feasible solutions to the international anti-dumping cases against China in practice.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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