技术性贸易壁垒的法律规制及中国的应对

发布时间：2018-10-17 08:21

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化和贸易自由化的发展,传统的关税和非关税壁垒的藩篱在不断拆除,同时以技术性贸易壁垒为主要表现形式的新型非关税壁垒在不断发展。技术性贸易壁垒是指一国或一个区域组织以维护国家或区域安全、保障人民健康、保护动植物安全、保护生态环境、防止欺诈行为、保证商品质量等为目的,有意识地利用复杂苛刻的技术法规、标准、合格评定程序等措施对来自国外的产品和服务加以限制的新型非关税壁垒措施。技术性贸易壁垒对一国的外贸影响巨大,是许多国家都遇到过的最复杂、最隐蔽、最难对付的贸易壁垒方式。近年来,我国的对外贸易也面临着重重的壁垒难以跨越,使许多出口企业举步维艰。因此,对于技术性贸易壁垒,深入研究其内涵和特点,了解其最新发展趋势,认真学习和掌握WTO《技术性贸易壁垒协议》作为国际条约对技术性贸易壁垒的约束力,并在此基础上思考如何完善我国的技术性贸易措施法律体系,积极应对技术性贸易壁垒,具有深刻的现实和理论意义。本文从辨析技术性贸易措施和技术性贸易壁垒的含义区别入手,讨论了如何界定技术性贸易壁垒,技术性贸易壁垒的表现形式和发展趋势是什么等问题。在对技术性贸易壁垒进行初步研究的基础上,结合WTO近年来受理的有关争端和案例,对《TBT协议》中对技术性贸易壁垒行为的法律规定进行了分析,根据当前各国技术性贸易壁垒的行为,评析了《TBT协议》对技术性贸易壁垒行为约束的有限性。鉴于我国遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的情况,本文引入了我国入世以来遭遇的几个典型的技术性贸易壁垒的案例,概括分析了我国成为技术性贸易壁垒受害国的原因,并从充分利用《TBT协议》有关规则、建立技术性贸易措施预警机制、发挥行业协会的作用等多方面提出了我国应对技术性贸易壁垒的策略,并提出了完善我国技术性贸易措施法律体系的建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and trade liberalization, the barriers of traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers are constantly removed, while the new non-tariff barriers, which are mainly represented by technical barriers to trade, are constantly developing. TBT means that a country or a regional organization aims at safeguarding national or regional security, safeguarding people's health, protecting animal and plant safety, protecting the ecological environment, preventing fraud and ensuring the quality of commodities, etc. A new type of non-tariff barrier (NTB) that consciously uses complex and harsh technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment procedures, and other measures to restrict products and services from abroad. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) have a great impact on a country's foreign trade, which is the most complicated, hidden and difficult way that many countries have ever encountered. In recent years, China's foreign trade is also faced with numerous barriers, making many export enterprises difficult. Therefore, with regard to TBT, we should deeply study its connotation and characteristics, understand its latest development trend, and conscientiously study and master the binding force of TBT as an international treaty. On this basis, it is of profound practical and theoretical significance to consider how to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in our country and actively deal with technical barriers to trade. Based on the analysis of the difference between technical trade measures and technical barriers to trade, this paper discusses how to define technical barriers to trade, the manifestation and development trend of technical barriers to trade and so on. On the basis of preliminary research on technical barriers to trade (TBT), combined with relevant disputes and cases accepted by WTO in recent years, this paper analyzes the legal provisions of TBT in the Agreement of TBT. According to the current behavior of technical barriers to trade (TBT) in various countries, this paper analyzes the limitation of TBT Agreement on TBT behavior. In view of the fact that China has encountered technical barriers to trade, this paper introduces several typical cases of technical barriers to trade that China has encountered since its entry into the WTO, and analyzes the reasons why China has become a victim of technical barriers to trade. From the aspects of making full use of the relevant rules of "TBT Agreement", establishing the early warning mechanism of technical trade measures and giving full play to the role of trade associations, this paper puts forward the strategies to deal with the technical barriers to trade in China. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.29;D996.1

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