我国商标平行进口的合理性与限制规则研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 07:13

【摘要】：在国际贸易愈渐频繁的背景下,平行进口长期以来都是知识产权领域研究中炙手可热的问题之一。妥善解决我国对平行进口的态度与政策,对我国知识产权研究、外贸战略部署都具有极大的现实意义。有学者指出,平行进口不是单纯的法律争议,也不是单纯的贸易策略,而是集经济、政治、贸易、法律等多特征于一身的复杂问题。复杂亦或重要,事实是我国市场经济中不断涌现的平行进口问题亟待法庭的正确审判。以商标平行进口为例,目前我国的商标法律体系中尚不存在调整平行进口的任何规则,在仅有的几起案件中法院适用了商标侵权以及不正当竞争的相关规定。这种适用片面,且存在不稳定性,必须梳理并建立起一套完整的适合我国目前贸易水平的法律规制体系来调整商标平行进口行为。根据现有的文献资料,目前虽然各国对平行进口合法与否态度相异,但有一点是共通的,即:不再对商标平行进口的合法性作“一刀切”的断定,而区分不同的国情、不同的商标、进口产品发生的不同变化,从而得出可否允许的判定。在这一理论发现的基础上,本文先以商标法、竞争法及对外贸易政策取向作为理论基础,论证商标平行进口目前在我国的合理性;再以我国及欧美等国实际发生的司法案例为实证基础,论证在我国外贸背景下限制平行进口的条件,或称商标平行进口的例外,也称商标平行进口的限制规则。本文以商标领域中的平行进口问题为研究对象,着重阐明两大问题。第一,根据商标的指示功用及目前我国低价位输出的外贸现状,在商标平行进口领域我们应当坚持以允许为原则,限制为例外的基本态度;第二,当平行进口输入之商品存在一些特殊情况时,这类商品的进口将被禁止。本文主要分为四大部分。第一部分主要阐述商标平行进口的基本理论,包括平行进口的概念与特征、成因与种类等。第二、三部分是本文的核心内容:第二部分将从商标法、竞争法及对外贸易理论等视角论证商标领域中坚持以“允许为原则,限制为例外”规制平行进口之合理性;第三部分将以各国实例为基础,以历史分析和比较研究的方法探索限制平行进口的具体条件。本文第四部分将总结我国目前对待商标平行进口问题应有的价值取向,并提出系统、完整的商标平行进口限制规则体系,为司法实践提供参考标准。
[Abstract]:Under the background of increasing international trade, parallel import has long been one of the hottest issues in the field of intellectual property. It is of great practical significance to properly solve China's attitude and policy towards parallel import, to study intellectual property rights and to deploy foreign trade strategy. Some scholars have pointed out that parallel import is not a simple legal dispute nor a simple trade strategy, but a complex problem with the characteristics of economy, politics, trade, law and so on. Complex or important, the fact is that the problem of parallel import in the market economy of our country is urgent to be judged correctly by the court. Taking the parallel import of trademark as an example, there are no rules to adjust parallel import in the trademark legal system of our country at present. In only a few cases, the court has applied the relevant regulations of trademark infringement and unfair competition. This kind of application is one-sided and unstable, so it is necessary to sort out and establish a complete legal regulation system suitable for the current trade level of our country to adjust the trademark parallel import behavior. According to the available literature, although different countries have different attitudes towards the legality of parallel imports, one thing is in common, that is, they no longer make a "one-size-fits-all" determination of the legitimacy of parallel imports of trademarks, but distinguish between different national conditions. Different trademarks, different changes in the import product, so as to determine the permissibility. On the basis of the discovery of this theory, this paper first uses trademark law, competition law and foreign trade policy orientation as the theoretical basis to demonstrate the rationality of trademark parallel import in China. Based on the actual judicial cases in China and Europe and America, this paper demonstrates the conditions of restricting parallel import under the background of China's foreign trade, or the exception of trademark parallel import, also known as the restriction rule of trademark parallel import. In this paper, the parallel import in the field of trademark as the research object, focusing on the two major issues. First, according to the indication function of the trademark and the current situation of our country's export of foreign trade at a low price, we should adhere to the basic attitude of taking the principle of permission as the principle and limiting as the exception in the field of parallel import of trademarks; second, Imports of parallel imports will be prohibited when there are special circumstances. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly expounds the basic theory of trademark parallel import, including the concept and characteristics of parallel import, causes and types. Second, three parts are the core content of this paper: the second part will demonstrate the rationality of the regulation of parallel import in the field of trademark, competition law and foreign trade theory from the perspective of trademark law, competition law and foreign trade theory. The third part will explore the concrete conditions of restricting parallel import by historical analysis and comparative study based on the examples of different countries. The fourth part of this paper will summarize the value orientation that our country should treat the trademark parallel import problem at present, and put forward the systematic, complete trademark parallel import restriction rule system, and provide the reference standard for the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

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