我国外交保护法律制度研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 06:40
【摘要】：外交保护是国际法上一项传统而又复杂的法律制度，作为国籍国维护本国公民和法人海外合法权益的重要手段，世界各国都格外重视本国外交保护制度的建设与研究。随着经济全球化的发展，，我国自改革开放以来，走出国门的企业和个人的数量不断攀升，随之而来的我国公民和法人在海外受到侵害的事件也不断增多。虽然我国积极应对，采取了多种措施来维护海外公民和法人的合法权益，并在逐步完善外交保护制度，但我们可以看到，我国在研究与实施外交保护的过程中仍存在着很多不足和缺点；在系统的理论性研究、机制建设、人才与资金的投入及相关立法层面上和发达国家还存在着一定差距。所以，本文旨在通过对外交保护制度的概念、性质、实施条件、国际一般作法等一系列问题的研究，并结合我国实际指出当前我国外交保护存在的不足，最终提出有益于我国外交保护制度进一步发展的对策建议。 本文运用了对比分析、归纳总结等多种方法，对我国的外交保护制度进行了系统的分析与研究，分为四章： 第一章主要是对外交保护法律制度的基本概述。其中首先对国际上多种不同的定义分别进行了阐述，并逐一分析了各个定义的特点，从而总结出了比较完善的外交保护制度的概念；第二节则是对外交保护性质的阐述，针对国际上关于其属于国家权利还是个人权利的争论进行了详尽分析；第三节是针对外交保护制度关于国籍持续、实际损害、用尽当地救济三大原则的分析，并得出了外交保护实施的条件及前提；第四节则主要将其与领事保护法律制度进行了对比研究。 第二章主要是对我国外交保护制度的详细阐述和分析。第一节通过对我国外交保护历史与现状的阐述，透视出了我国外交保护的发展从无到有、从消极应对到积极实施的曲折过程；第二节中通过对我国行使外交保护的机关、关于国籍以及外国人待遇之规定的概述中得出我国对外交保护制度的积极、肯定之态度；第三节则重点阐明了加强研究我国的外交保护制度对维护我国公民法人之合法权益、践行“以人为本”“外交为民”的执政理念、实现“和谐世界”的远大目标都具有极其重要的意义。 第三章着重分析了我国外交保护制度的不足之处以及造成这种局面的主要原因。其中前三节分别从系统性研究、法律保障、相应的外交保护机制三方面指出了我国当前外交保护制度的不健全；第四节则主要分析了造成这种不健全的原因：经费的不足与人才的匮乏、境外权益保护机构缺乏有效分工与协作、领事保护工作薄弱以及外交保护的范围有限，对这些原因的分析为给我国当前的外交保护提出切实可行之策指明了正确的方向。 第四章则是结合国际法上关于和平解决国际争端的原则、行使外交保护的一般方式以及我国的实际国情对我国的外交保护制度提出的建议与对策。第一节从武力实施外交保护的违法性与外交保护的和平方式两方面对国际法上外交保护的实施程序进行了研究，进而在第二节阐述了外交保护实施的一般方式包括：提供帮助和协助、提出交涉、提出抗议、仲裁或诉讼。由此，最后一节是笔者在前述基础之上提出的对于我国外交保护制度的对策和建议：加强与外交保护相关的立法工作、建立健全外交保护各项预警和应急机制、加大外交保护的理论研究与投入、积极开展国际合作建立有效的双边或多边保护机制、充分发挥领事保护的作用、适度承认双重或多重国籍。
[Abstract]:Diplomatic protection is a traditional and complicated legal system in international law. It is an important means to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of citizens and legal persons abroad. With the development of economic globalization, since the reform and opening-up of our country, the number of enterprises and individuals emerging from the reform and opening-up has been rising, and the accompanying incidents of Chinese citizens and legal persons abroad are increasing. Despite the positive response of our country, we have taken various measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas citizens and legal persons and gradually improve the diplomatic protection system, but we can see that there are still many shortcomings and shortcomings in our country's research and implementation of diplomatic protection. At the same time, there is a certain gap between the research and mechanism of the system, the input of talents and funds and the relevant legislation level. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the concept, nature, implementation condition and international general practice of diplomatic protection system, and combine with our country's actual point to point out the deficiency of current diplomatic protection in our country. Finally, some suggestions for further development of China's diplomatic protection system are put forward. This paper applies a variety of methods, such as comparative analysis, inductive summary and so on, to analyze and study the system of diplomatic protection in China. The first chapter is the legal system of diplomatic protection First of all, the definition of international protection is expounded, and the characteristics of each definition are analyzed one by one, so that the concept of perfect diplomatic protection system is summarized, and the second part is diplomatic protection. The article analyses the nature of the dispute about the rights of the State or the individual's rights in the international arena, and the third is the analysis of the principle of continuing, real damage and exhaustion of local remedies against the diplomatic protection system, and concludes the implementation of diplomatic protection. Conditions and premises; Section IV mainly deals with the legal system of consular protection The second chapter mainly deals with the diplomatic protection system in China. The first section analyzes the history and present situation of China's diplomatic protection, and points out that the development of diplomatic protection in China has never reached the tortuous process of positive implementation from passive to positive. This paper points out the positive and positive attitude towards the diplomatic protection system in China's diplomatic protection organs, the provisions on nationality and the treatment of foreigners. Section III focuses on the strengthening of China's diplomatic protection system and safeguarding our country's public The legal rights and interests of civil law people, the practice of 鈥減eople-oriented鈥
本文编号：2282335
[Abstract]:Diplomatic protection is a traditional and complicated legal system in international law. It is an important means to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of citizens and legal persons abroad. With the development of economic globalization, since the reform and opening-up of our country, the number of enterprises and individuals emerging from the reform and opening-up has been rising, and the accompanying incidents of Chinese citizens and legal persons abroad are increasing. Despite the positive response of our country, we have taken various measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas citizens and legal persons and gradually improve the diplomatic protection system, but we can see that there are still many shortcomings and shortcomings in our country's research and implementation of diplomatic protection. At the same time, there is a certain gap between the research and mechanism of the system, the input of talents and funds and the relevant legislation level. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the concept, nature, implementation condition and international general practice of diplomatic protection system, and combine with our country's actual point to point out the deficiency of current diplomatic protection in our country. Finally, some suggestions for further development of China's diplomatic protection system are put forward. This paper applies a variety of methods, such as comparative analysis, inductive summary and so on, to analyze and study the system of diplomatic protection in China. The first chapter is the legal system of diplomatic protection First of all, the definition of international protection is expounded, and the characteristics of each definition are analyzed one by one, so that the concept of perfect diplomatic protection system is summarized, and the second part is diplomatic protection. The article analyses the nature of the dispute about the rights of the State or the individual's rights in the international arena, and the third is the analysis of the principle of continuing, real damage and exhaustion of local remedies against the diplomatic protection system, and concludes the implementation of diplomatic protection. Conditions and premises; Section IV mainly deals with the legal system of consular protection The second chapter mainly deals with the diplomatic protection system in China. The first section analyzes the history and present situation of China's diplomatic protection, and points out that the development of diplomatic protection in China has never reached the tortuous process of positive implementation from passive to positive. This paper points out the positive and positive attitude towards the diplomatic protection system in China's diplomatic protection organs, the provisions on nationality and the treatment of foreigners. Section III focuses on the strengthening of China's diplomatic protection system and safeguarding our country's public The legal rights and interests of civil law people, the practice of 鈥減eople-oriented鈥
本文编号：2282335
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