论“相关海岸”在海洋划界中的作用

发布时间：2018-10-26 15:24

【摘要】：相关海岸的概念是随着海洋划界国际法律制度的发展而逐步形成的。虽然"相关海岸"自1982年《联合国海洋法公约》通过后才在国际法院的相关判决中正式出现,但其作用却早在"公平原则并考虑一切相关情况"的方法中得以体现。相关海岸与海岸地理密切相关,海岸地理是考量"特殊情况"和"有关情况"是否存在的重要因素。海岸地理所涉及的海岸线长度、海岸关系、海岸形状、海岸走向都必须是相关海岸的海岸线长度、海岸关系、海岸形状和海岸走向。因此相关海岸的识别和确定是海洋划界中一个十分关键的环节,而寻求相关海岸的法律确定性因素更是重要的步骤,即识别相关海岸的标准为何、应考虑的因素和特殊情况为何等。本文将分析相关海岸在海洋划界中的作用。首先,相关海岸既为沿海国家提供了主张相关海域的权利基础,同时为了确定争端各方主张重叠的海洋区域范围,也有必要确定相关海岸,相关海岸必须紧密连接划界区域或争议区域。其次,相关海岸影响划界基线的确定。划界基线不同于领海基线,在国家实践、国际司法和仲裁实践中,当事国在划界中往往不采纳彼此宣布的基线和基点,而选择双方能够接受的基点,这些基点必须在相关海岸上并符合相关海岸的特征。再者,相关海岸影响划界方法的选择,这主要由海岸形状决定。正如前面所说,相关海岸的地理情况影响着划界基点的确定,而基线和基点是确定距离线的两个核心要素,如果适用等距离方法不能有效地反应当事双方有关海岸之间的关系,则可能适用平分线法以求得公平结果。最后,相关海岸线的长度在海洋划界中的第二个阶段和最后的检验阶段发挥着重要的作用,这主要涉及到成比例方法的适用和不成比例检验。虽然相关海岸在海洋划界整个过程中的作用不可忽视,但其识别和确定在国际仲裁和国际司法中却表现出了很大的主观性,无论是由国家选择还是由国际法院和仲裁庭来决定,都有很大的自由裁量空间,相关海岸的识别便具有了很强的灵活性。除此之外,在海洋划界方法的选择、比例方法的适用方面同样没有统一的标准,这些问题还停留在法律层面之外。本文选取了多个与相关海岸有关的划界案例,将分析如何识别相关海岸,探讨相关海岸在海洋划界中的作用,以期能为中国今后海洋划界问题的解决提供一些建议。
[Abstract]:The concept of related coasts has evolved with the development of the international legal system of maritime delimitation. Although the "relevant coast" has not formally appeared in the relevant judgments of the International Court of Justice since the adoption of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, its role is reflected in the method of "the principle of equity and consideration of all relevant circumstances". Coasts are closely related to coastal geography, which is an important factor in considering the existence of "special circumstances" and "relevant circumstances". The length of coastline, the relationship between coasts, the shape of coasts, and the direction of coasts must be the length of coastline, the relationship of coasts, the shape of coasts and the direction of coasts. Therefore, the identification and identification of relevant coasts is a very important part of maritime delimitation, and the search for legal certainty of the relevant coasts is an important step, that is, what are the criteria for identifying the relevant coasts. What factors and special circumstances should be considered? This paper will analyze the role of related coasts in maritime delimitation. First, the relevant coasts provide a legal basis for coastal States to claim the relevant maritime areas and, in order to determine the extent of the maritime zones in which the parties to the dispute claim overlap, it is also necessary to identify the relevant coasts, The relevant coast must be closely connected to the demarcation area or the disputed area. Secondly, the determination of the baseline of the relevant coastal impact demarcation. The delimitation of baselines is different from the baselines of the territorial sea. In State practice, international judicial and arbitration practice, the parties often do not adopt the baselines and basis points declared by each other in the delimitation of their boundaries, but choose the basis points acceptable to both parties, These bases must be on and in accordance with the characteristics of the relevant coast. Furthermore, the selection of the relevant coastal impact demarcation method is mainly determined by the coastal shape. As previously stated, the geographical situation of the relevant coast affects the determination of the basis points for delimitation, and the baseline and the base point are the two core elements in the determination of the distance line, if the application of the equidistance method does not effectively reflect the relationship between the two parties in relation to the coast, It is possible to apply the bisection method to obtain a fair result. Finally, the length of the relevant coastline plays an important role in the second stage and the final stage of the maritime delimitation, which mainly involves the application and the disproportionate test of the proportional method. While the role of relevant coasts in the entire process of maritime delimitation cannot be ignored, their identification and determination have shown a great deal of subjectivity in international arbitration and international justice, whether decided by States or by international courts and arbitral tribunals, With large discretionary space, the identification of related coasts has great flexibility. In addition, there is no uniform standard in the choice of maritime delimitation method and the application of proportional method, and these problems remain outside the legal level. In this paper, a number of delimitation cases related to the relevant coasts are selected, and how to identify the relevant coasts and discuss the role of the related coasts in the maritime delimitation are analyzed in order to provide some suggestions for the solution of the maritime delimitation problems in China in the future.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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