论国家管辖豁免的例外
发布时间：2018-11-06 07:47
【摘要】：国家及其财产管辖豁免是一项习惯国际法原则，，国家豁免自产生以来，就有限制豁免主义和绝对豁免主义两个流派，20世纪以来，各国纷纷转向限制豁免主义的立场，一些重要的国际法文件在确认国家享有国家豁免的同时纷纷规定了若干不得援引国家豁免的例外。 本文以国家管辖豁免的例外为研究对象，结合各国最具代表性的国内立法和国际上影响较大的条约的规定，分析目前国际上广泛承认的不得援引国家豁免的例外。 第一章主要介绍了国家豁免的基本理论，即国家豁免的基本内涵，限制豁免与绝对豁免两大主张以及代表性的国内立法（美国1976年《外国主权豁免法案》和英国1978年的《国家豁免法》）和国际立法（《欧洲国家豁免公约》和《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》）所规定的不得援引国家豁免的例外。 第二章重点介绍了实践中最普遍也是争议最大的商业交易例外，结合国内外立法厘清了商业交易的定义，从事商业交易的主体以及实践中最难区分的商业交易的判断标准。 第三章介绍了国家从事侵权行为例外，结合国际国内立法和司法实践指出了国家从事侵权行为的各种情况及法院行使管辖权的要件，并在最后一节讨论了重点讨论了违反人权的案件及这些案件中所涉及的国家豁免问题。 第四章介绍了仲裁协定例外，首先阐述了国家豁免与仲裁和仲裁协定的关系，并从立法和司法实践这两个方面介绍了存在仲裁协定的情况下国家不得援引国家豁免的事项范围。 第五章首先分析了中国目前在国家豁免问题上的基本立场，其依据是中国在参与制定《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》所体现的基本态度，中国的相关立法及司法实践。并指出在新的历史形势下中国在国家豁免问题上应坚持的思路和所应采取的措施并提出了立法建议。
[Abstract]:The jurisdictional immunity of States and their property is a principle of customary international law. Since its emergence, there have been two schools of restricted immunity and absolute immunity. Since the 20th century, countries have turned to the position of limiting immunity. Some important international law documents, while confirming the state immunity of the state, have stipulated a number of exceptions which may not be invoked. In this paper, the exception of the immunity from national jurisdiction is taken as the research object, combined with the most representative domestic legislation of each country and the provisions of the most influential treaties in the world, the article analyzes the exceptions widely recognized by the international community at present which cannot be invoked against the invocation of the immunity of the state. The first chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of state immunity, that is, the basic connotation of state immunity. Restrictions on immunity and absolute immunity as well as representative domestic legislation (United States of America's 1976 Foreign sovereignty Immunities Act and the United Kingdom's 1978 National Immunities Act) and international legislation (European Convention on State Immunities and United Nations Convention on jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property. The second chapter focuses on the most common and controversial exceptions to commercial transactions in practice, and clarifies the definition of commercial transactions, the subjects engaged in commercial transactions and the judgment criteria of the most difficult commercial transactions in practice. The third chapter introduces the exception of torts by the state, and points out all kinds of situations in which the state engages in torts and the elements of the jurisdiction of the court in combination with international and domestic legislation and judicial practice. The final section focuses on cases of human rights violations and the immunity of States involved in those cases. The fourth chapter introduces the exception of arbitration agreement. Firstly, it expounds the relationship between state immunity and arbitration agreement, and introduces the scope of matters in which the state may not invoke the state immunity in the presence of arbitration agreement from the aspects of legislation and judicial practice. The fifth chapter first analyzes China's current basic position on the issue of state immunity, which is based on China's basic attitude in participating in the formulation of the United Nations Convention on jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property, and on China's relevant legislation and judicial practice. The author also points out the ideas and measures that China should adhere to on the issue of state immunity under the new historical situation and puts forward some legislative suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D992
本文编号：2313610
[Abstract]:The jurisdictional immunity of States and their property is a principle of customary international law. Since its emergence, there have been two schools of restricted immunity and absolute immunity. Since the 20th century, countries have turned to the position of limiting immunity. Some important international law documents, while confirming the state immunity of the state, have stipulated a number of exceptions which may not be invoked. In this paper, the exception of the immunity from national jurisdiction is taken as the research object, combined with the most representative domestic legislation of each country and the provisions of the most influential treaties in the world, the article analyzes the exceptions widely recognized by the international community at present which cannot be invoked against the invocation of the immunity of the state. The first chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of state immunity, that is, the basic connotation of state immunity. Restrictions on immunity and absolute immunity as well as representative domestic legislation (United States of America's 1976 Foreign sovereignty Immunities Act and the United Kingdom's 1978 National Immunities Act) and international legislation (European Convention on State Immunities and United Nations Convention on jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property. The second chapter focuses on the most common and controversial exceptions to commercial transactions in practice, and clarifies the definition of commercial transactions, the subjects engaged in commercial transactions and the judgment criteria of the most difficult commercial transactions in practice. The third chapter introduces the exception of torts by the state, and points out all kinds of situations in which the state engages in torts and the elements of the jurisdiction of the court in combination with international and domestic legislation and judicial practice. The final section focuses on cases of human rights violations and the immunity of States involved in those cases. The fourth chapter introduces the exception of arbitration agreement. Firstly, it expounds the relationship between state immunity and arbitration agreement, and introduces the scope of matters in which the state may not invoke the state immunity in the presence of arbitration agreement from the aspects of legislation and judicial practice. The fifth chapter first analyzes China's current basic position on the issue of state immunity, which is based on China's basic attitude in participating in the formulation of the United Nations Convention on jurisdictional Immunities of States and their property, and on China's relevant legislation and judicial practice. The author also points out the ideas and measures that China should adhere to on the issue of state immunity under the new historical situation and puts forward some legislative suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D992
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