中国流失文物追索的法律途径研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 14:03

【摘要】：文物是一个国家历史和文化的见证者和载体,对一个民族的自尊、自强和自豪感无疑具有非常重要的意义。非法流失的文物,包括战争期间被掠夺的或者近年来因被偷盗或走私而流失的文物。随着文物交易的公开化和频繁化,此类文物已经引起了国际社会的广泛关注。中国在长达100多年的时间被外国侵略者掠夺的大量文物迄今没有返还,如何实现流失文物的返还,如何追索流失文物已经成为摆在中国面前必须解决的问题。流失文物追索问题非常复杂,除了涉及相关国际公约,还涉及国内法律的规定。但是由于公约适用的时间和空间范围的限制以及与文物保护相关的国内法不够完善等原因,追索海外流失文物仍然存在着较大的法律障碍。本论文针对目前追索文物时遇到的具体困境和法律体系中的障碍,做出了理性的分析并提出了建议。本文主体分为三个部分：第一部分对流失文物进行了概述,并简要介绍了追索流失文物的意义,有关流失文物所有权的理论和国内外追索流失文物的法律实践；第二部分的主要内容是我国追索流失文物的法律依据和存在的法律问题,介绍了有关文物保护和追索的三个主要的国际公约和我国国内法的规定及其局限性；第三部分从国际公约和国内法两个层面提出了对我国流失文物追索的几点建议。总之,中国政府应该做到外交与法律手段并用,加强与国际组织、境内外民间组织的相互配合。同时尽快完善国内立法,提高执法力度,建立文物清单,注重相关方面的研究以实现流失文物回归的目标。笔者希望文中观点能够在对海外流失文物追索时起到积极作用。
[Abstract]:Cultural relic is the witness and carrier of a country's history and culture, which is undoubtedly of great significance to a nation's self-esteem, self-improvement and pride. Illegally stolen artifacts, including those looted during war or lost in recent years as a result of theft or smuggling. With the open and frequent trade of cultural relics, this kind of cultural relics has attracted extensive attention of the international community. A large number of cultural relics plundered by foreign invaders for more than 100 years have not been returned yet. How to realize the return of lost cultural relics and how to recover the lost cultural relics has become a problem that must be solved in front of China. The problem of recovering lost cultural relics is very complicated. It involves not only the relevant international conventions, but also the provisions of domestic laws. However, due to the limitation of the time and space scope of application of the Convention and the imperfect domestic laws related to the protection of cultural relics, there are still large legal obstacles to the recovery of cultural relics lost abroad. In this paper, the author makes a rational analysis and puts forward some suggestions on the concrete predicament and the obstacles in the legal system in the process of tracing cultural relics. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the lost cultural relics, and briefly introduces the significance of the lost cultural relics, the theory of the lost cultural relics ownership and the legal practice of the lost cultural relics at home and abroad; The second part of the main content is the legal basis and existing legal problems of the lost cultural relics in our country. It introduces the three main international conventions on the protection and recovery of cultural relics and the provisions and limitations of our domestic law. The third part puts forward some suggestions on the recovery of lost cultural relics in China from the two aspects of international conventions and domestic laws. In short, the Chinese government should use diplomatic and legal means to strengthen cooperation with international organizations, domestic and foreign non-governmental organizations. At the same time, improve domestic legislation, improve law enforcement, establish cultural relics list, pay attention to the relevant research to achieve the goal of the return of lost cultural relics. The author hopes that this paper can play a positive role in the recovery of overseas lost cultural relics.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1;D922.16

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