我国核事故应急法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-22 15:45
【摘要】：近年来世界各国大力开发利用民用核能,形成了新一轮核电发展热潮。但是历史的发展也证实,核能的开发利用也存在极大的风险,最典型的就是核事故的发生。做好核事故应急工作可以控制和减轻可能发生的核事故的辐射后果,降低对环境的损害和对人类健康的伤害。本文前半部分通过对核事故应急国际立法的深入研究,指出相关国际条约存在着法律制度不够健全,规定过于原则化,国际应急救援规定存在局限性等问题,同时也总结出国际立法对我国的启示。论文后半部分运用对比分析的方法,评析我国与部分核电国家的立法现状,指出我国国内现有法律法规存在如原子能基本法缺失,现行法律法规效力较低且相关法制制度不够完善,管理体制不够协调,法律机制不够健全等问题。最终在充分借鉴国外部分核电国家的立法经验的基础上,结合国际大背景和我国国情提出相应的法律对策和建议,主要包括：我国应该积极参与国际原子能机构的立法活动,全面研究国际法律制度的完善；加快制定原子能基本法,构建和完善相关法律制度,完善核应急监管体制,健全核防范法律机制等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, countries all over the world vigorously develop and utilize civil nuclear energy, forming a new round of nuclear power development upsurge. However, the development of history also confirms that there are great risks in the development and utilization of nuclear energy, the most typical of which is the occurrence of nuclear accidents. Doing a good job of nuclear accident emergency can control and reduce the radiation consequences of possible nuclear accident and reduce the damage to the environment and human health. In the first half of this paper, through the in-depth study of the international legislation on emergency response to nuclear accidents, it is pointed out that the relevant international treaties have some problems, such as the legal system is not perfect enough, the provisions are too principled, the international emergency rescue provisions are limited, and so on. At the same time, it also summarizes the enlightenment of international legislation to our country. In the second half of this paper, by means of comparative analysis, the legislative status of China and some nuclear power countries is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the existing laws and regulations of our country are absent, such as the basic Law of Atomic Energy. The current laws and regulations are weak, the related legal system is not perfect, the management system is not coordinated, the legal mechanism is not perfect enough, and so on. Finally, on the basis of drawing full lessons from the legislative experience of some foreign nuclear power countries and combining with the international background and the national conditions of our country, the corresponding legal countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which mainly include: China should actively participate in the legislative activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. To study the perfection of international legal system; We will speed up the formulation of the basic Law on Atomic Energy, establish and improve the relevant legal system, improve the regulatory system for nuclear emergencies, and improve the legal mechanism for nuclear prevention.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D999.2;D922.1
本文编号：2349791
[Abstract]:In recent years, countries all over the world vigorously develop and utilize civil nuclear energy, forming a new round of nuclear power development upsurge. However, the development of history also confirms that there are great risks in the development and utilization of nuclear energy, the most typical of which is the occurrence of nuclear accidents. Doing a good job of nuclear accident emergency can control and reduce the radiation consequences of possible nuclear accident and reduce the damage to the environment and human health. In the first half of this paper, through the in-depth study of the international legislation on emergency response to nuclear accidents, it is pointed out that the relevant international treaties have some problems, such as the legal system is not perfect enough, the provisions are too principled, the international emergency rescue provisions are limited, and so on. At the same time, it also summarizes the enlightenment of international legislation to our country. In the second half of this paper, by means of comparative analysis, the legislative status of China and some nuclear power countries is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the existing laws and regulations of our country are absent, such as the basic Law of Atomic Energy. The current laws and regulations are weak, the related legal system is not perfect, the management system is not coordinated, the legal mechanism is not perfect enough, and so on. Finally, on the basis of drawing full lessons from the legislative experience of some foreign nuclear power countries and combining with the international background and the national conditions of our country, the corresponding legal countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which mainly include: China should actively participate in the legislative activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. To study the perfection of international legal system; We will speed up the formulation of the basic Law on Atomic Energy, establish and improve the relevant legal system, improve the regulatory system for nuclear emergencies, and improve the legal mechanism for nuclear prevention.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D999.2;D922.1
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