论军舰的无害通过权
发布时间：2018-11-23 20:35
【摘要】：无害通过权是领海制度中的外国船舶享有的一项权利,是随着领海制度的确立而逐渐发展起来的,是沿海国主权与外国船舶航行自由的一种妥协。1958年的《领海与毗邻区公约》中规定了无害通过制度,1982年《联合国海洋法公约》对其进行了完善。对于军舰是否享有无害通过权,由于公约规定不是十分明确,因此无论是理论上,还是世界各国的实践上,对于这个问题都是意见不一。 本文主要通过对1958年公约与1982年公约的比较以及1982年公约的条约解释,确定两公约是赋予了军舰享有无害通过的权利；通过国家声明效力、1982年公约的缔结的历史资料,证实“批准或通知”是符合1982年的公约规定的,并没有改变公约赋予军舰享有无害通过权的规则,只是一种防范外国军舰“非无害”的程序性措施。针对我国相关法律可操作性不强,建议加强制定外国军舰在我国领海无害通过程序性规范。 文章分为四个部分来论证“军舰的无害通过权”： 第一部分简单介绍无害通过制度的理论渊源、无害通过相关制度以及沿海国的权利义务。 第二部分确定军舰领海通过的争论焦点,提出自己的观点。苏联前后的立场变化以及美苏黑海事件、世界各国军舰通过领海实践的统计,都证实国际社会对军舰是否应该享有无害通过权的主张不同,并提出公约赋予军舰在他国领海无害通过权的观点。 第三部分首先通过对1958年公约与1982年公约的比较,初步证实两公约都赋予军舰无害通过权；然后通过对1982年公约进行条约解释,确定1982年公约规定军舰享有无害通过权。再通过对国家声明效力的分析和1982年公约缔结的历史资料,证实“批准或通知”符合1982年公约的规定,并不改变公约赋予军舰享有无害通过权的规则,从而进一步证实军舰享有无害通过权。 第四部分依据公约的有关条款,提出制定关于军舰通过我国领海程序性规范的建议,更好地维护我国领海主权的安全。
[Abstract]:The right of innocent passage is a right enjoyed by foreign ships in the system of territorial sea, which has gradually developed with the establishment of the system of territorial sea. It is a compromise between the sovereignty of the coastal state and the freedom of navigation of foreign ships. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and adjacent zones of 1958 stipulates the system of innocent passage, which was perfected by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Whether warships enjoy the right of innocent passage, as the provisions of the Convention are not very clear, so whether in theory or in the practice of countries around the world, there are different opinions on this issue. Through the comparison between the 1958 Convention and the 1982 Convention and the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, this paper determines that the two conventions endow warships with the right of innocent passage. The historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, through the validity of a State declaration, confirms that the "ratification or notification" is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not alter the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, It is only a procedural measure to prevent foreign warships from being "non-harmless". In view of the weak maneuverability of the relevant laws of our country, it is suggested to strengthen the formulation of procedural norms for the harmless passage of foreign warships in the territorial waters of our country. The article is divided into four parts to demonstrate the "innocent passage right of warships": the first part briefly introduces the theoretical origin of the innocent passage system, the relevant system of innocent passage and the rights and obligations of the coastal States. The second part determines the point of contention about the passage of naval vessel's territorial sea and puts forward its own point of view. The changes in the Soviet Union's position before and after the Soviet Union, the Black Sea incident between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the statistics on the practice of warships in the world passing through the territorial sea confirm that the international community has different views on whether warships should enjoy the right of innocent passage And put forward the view that the treaty gives warships the right of innocent passage in the territorial waters of other countries. In the third part, by comparing the 1958 Convention with the 1982 Convention, it is preliminarily confirmed that the two conventions give warships the right of innocent passage, and then through the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, it is determined that the 1982 Convention stipulates that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. Further, through an analysis of the validity of a State declaration and historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, it is confirmed that the ratification or notification is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not change the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, This further confirms that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. In the fourth part, according to the relevant articles of the Convention, the author puts forward some suggestions on the procedure of warships passing through the territorial sea of our country, so as to better safeguard the security of China's territorial sea sovereignty.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
本文编号：2352617
[Abstract]:The right of innocent passage is a right enjoyed by foreign ships in the system of territorial sea, which has gradually developed with the establishment of the system of territorial sea. It is a compromise between the sovereignty of the coastal state and the freedom of navigation of foreign ships. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and adjacent zones of 1958 stipulates the system of innocent passage, which was perfected by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Whether warships enjoy the right of innocent passage, as the provisions of the Convention are not very clear, so whether in theory or in the practice of countries around the world, there are different opinions on this issue. Through the comparison between the 1958 Convention and the 1982 Convention and the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, this paper determines that the two conventions endow warships with the right of innocent passage. The historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, through the validity of a State declaration, confirms that the "ratification or notification" is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not alter the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, It is only a procedural measure to prevent foreign warships from being "non-harmless". In view of the weak maneuverability of the relevant laws of our country, it is suggested to strengthen the formulation of procedural norms for the harmless passage of foreign warships in the territorial waters of our country. The article is divided into four parts to demonstrate the "innocent passage right of warships": the first part briefly introduces the theoretical origin of the innocent passage system, the relevant system of innocent passage and the rights and obligations of the coastal States. The second part determines the point of contention about the passage of naval vessel's territorial sea and puts forward its own point of view. The changes in the Soviet Union's position before and after the Soviet Union, the Black Sea incident between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the statistics on the practice of warships in the world passing through the territorial sea confirm that the international community has different views on whether warships should enjoy the right of innocent passage And put forward the view that the treaty gives warships the right of innocent passage in the territorial waters of other countries. In the third part, by comparing the 1958 Convention with the 1982 Convention, it is preliminarily confirmed that the two conventions give warships the right of innocent passage, and then through the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, it is determined that the 1982 Convention stipulates that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. Further, through an analysis of the validity of a State declaration and historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, it is confirmed that the ratification or notification is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not change the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, This further confirms that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. In the fourth part, according to the relevant articles of the Convention, the author puts forward some suggestions on the procedure of warships passing through the territorial sea of our country, so as to better safeguard the security of China's territorial sea sovereignty.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5
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