试论国际法不加禁止行为所致跨界海洋污染的国际损害责任
发布时间：2018-12-07 12:27
【摘要】：国际法不加禁止的高度危险活动的实施日趋常态化,使得跨界海洋污染事故频发,会对一国的海洋经济利益和生态环境造成难以估量的损害。这种损失有时超出了直接致害方的承受范围而造成受害方无法得到充分有效的补偿。 本文即是尝试在跨界海洋污染事件处理中引入国际法不加禁止行为所致损害性后果的国际责任(简称国际损害责任),来解决此类困境。对这种国际损害责任制度存在的争议、缺陷和发展,以及适用于海洋污染所面临的障碍等问题进行深入探讨和评析,并结合具体国际文件和著名案例,特别是国际法委员会“国际法不加禁止行为所导致的损害性后果的国际责任”专题编纂的《预防危险活动的跨界损害条款草案》(简称《预防草案》)、《关于危险活动造成的跨界损害案件中损失分配的原则草案》(简称《分配原则》)以及历届专题会议报告、工作记录,对在这类国际法非禁止行为所导致的跨界海洋污染事故中适用国际损害责任有一个全面、清晰的认识,并提出几点建设性意见,以完善现阶段这项责任制度的实际适用性。同时,对于这项责任制度的未来做出了展望,即建立一套完整的以国家作为主要承担主体的国际损害责任制度,保证跨界海洋污染适用国际损害责任的有效性和充分性。
[Abstract]:The implementation of highly dangerous activities which are not prohibited by international law is becoming more and more regular, which causes frequent accidents of transboundary marine pollution, which will cause incalculable damage to the marine economic interests and ecological environment of a country. Such losses sometimes go beyond the immediate harm's burden and result in the aggrieved party being unable to obtain adequate and effective compensation. This paper attempts to introduce international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (international liability for damage) in dealing with transboundary marine pollution events to solve this kind of dilemma. Making an in-depth discussion and assessment of the disputes, shortcomings and developments of this regime of international liability for damage, as well as the obstacles that apply to marine pollution, and taking into account specific international documents and well-known cases, In particular, the draft articles on the Prevention of Transboundary harm from Hazardous activities, prepared by the International Law Commission on the topic "International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law" (referred to as the draft prevention), Draft principles on the allocation of loss in cases of Transboundary harm arising out of Hazardous activities (abbreviated as the principles of allocation) and reports of the thematic sessions, records of work, There is a comprehensive and clear understanding of the application of international liability for damage in transboundary marine pollution accidents caused by such non-prohibited acts under international law, and some constructive suggestions are put forward in order to perfect the practical applicability of this liability regime at the present stage. At the same time, the future of the liability regime is prospected, that is, the establishment of a complete international liability regime with the state as the main body to ensure the effectiveness and adequacy of international liability for transboundary marine pollution.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.9
本文编号：2367203
[Abstract]:The implementation of highly dangerous activities which are not prohibited by international law is becoming more and more regular, which causes frequent accidents of transboundary marine pollution, which will cause incalculable damage to the marine economic interests and ecological environment of a country. Such losses sometimes go beyond the immediate harm's burden and result in the aggrieved party being unable to obtain adequate and effective compensation. This paper attempts to introduce international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (international liability for damage) in dealing with transboundary marine pollution events to solve this kind of dilemma. Making an in-depth discussion and assessment of the disputes, shortcomings and developments of this regime of international liability for damage, as well as the obstacles that apply to marine pollution, and taking into account specific international documents and well-known cases, In particular, the draft articles on the Prevention of Transboundary harm from Hazardous activities, prepared by the International Law Commission on the topic "International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law" (referred to as the draft prevention), Draft principles on the allocation of loss in cases of Transboundary harm arising out of Hazardous activities (abbreviated as the principles of allocation) and reports of the thematic sessions, records of work, There is a comprehensive and clear understanding of the application of international liability for damage in transboundary marine pollution accidents caused by such non-prohibited acts under international law, and some constructive suggestions are put forward in order to perfect the practical applicability of this liability regime at the present stage. At the same time, the future of the liability regime is prospected, that is, the establishment of a complete international liability regime with the state as the main body to ensure the effectiveness and adequacy of international liability for transboundary marine pollution.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.9
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