论外国法的查明

发布时间：2018-12-10 08:45

【摘要】：外国法的查明是国际私法的基本制度之一，是冲突规范中一个重要的问题，对司法实践有着重要意义。在国际上对外国法查明相关问题的研究，无论是理论学说上，还是司法实践中都有许多值得研究和探讨的地方。在外国法查明责任分配上，我国首次明确了法院的查明责任，同时对于不同的案件类型有细化的处理：如果当事人没有选择法律适用，法官依据冲突规范的指引，认为应当适用外国法时，由法官承担查明责任；如果当事人选择适用外国法，则主要由当事人承担查明责任。在外国法查明途径问题上，本文认为法律不宜采用列举式的手段过多地规定查明方法，但穷尽一些常用的、有效的途径是必要的，如网络资源、法律书籍、专家意见等，其次，对无论哪种途径查来的外国法，法院都应该进行详细的审查、质证认证。在外国法查明不能时，应该坚持我国惯常的做法，即直接适用内国法，但在查明不能的认定标准上，应当注意从合理期限、查明责任分配、穷尽合理方法等方面进行衡量。本文分为四个部分，结合案例着重就外国法查明制度中的三个问题进行论述，即外国法查明责任分配、外国法查明途径以及外国法查明不能的认定和处理。第一部分介绍了案例相关情况以及法院的判决理由，引出了本案中值得讨论的外国法查明责任分配、外国法查明途径、外国法查明不能等相关问题。第二部分主要论述外国法查明的责任分配。国际上存在三种做法，一是法官承担严格的外国法查明责任，二是当事人承担全部的外国法查明责任，三是法官和当事人相互配合查明外国法。我国现行立法原则性地规定了法院查明外国法的责任，但是不同的案件类型中，法院和当事人承担不同的查明责任，即在当事人选择适用外国法时，主要由当事人承担查明责任；根据冲突规范指引，法官认为应当适用外国法时，主要由法院承担查明责任。之后讨论了本案中关于查明责任分配的四个问题，然后就这个问题对立法提出了不足与建议。第三部分论述的是外国法查明途径。首先介绍了几种比较常用的外国法查明途径，，即专家意见、法律书籍、学者著述、司法协助、网络资源，并且在介绍每一种途径时提出了相关的注意事项与建议，然后主要针对本案中专家意见书的问题进行了分析。第四部分论述的是外国法查明不能。首先说明了认定外国法查明不能的主体，即法院，然后从三个方面讨论了外国法查明不能的认定标准，即合理期限标准、查明责任分配标准、穷尽查明途径标准，接着介绍了查明不能时国内外常用的三种处理方法，即直接适用内国法、替代适用内国法、驳回当事人诉讼请求或抗辩，最后就本案中涉及到的以上问题进行了分析。
[Abstract]:The ascertainment of foreign law is one of the basic systems of private international law and an important issue in conflict norms, which is of great significance to judicial practice. In the international study of foreign law, there are many worthy of study and discussion, both in theory and in judicial practice. For the first time, China has made clear the responsibility of the court for ascertaining responsibility in foreign law. At the same time, there is a detailed treatment for different types of cases: if the parties do not choose to apply the law, the judge will follow the guidance of conflicting norms. If foreign law is deemed to be applicable, the judge shall bear the responsibility of ascertaining it; If the parties choose to apply foreign law, the parties mainly bear the responsibility of ascertaining. On the question of the way to find out the foreign law, this paper thinks that the law should not use enumerative means too much to define the method of identification, but it is necessary to exhaust some common and effective ways, such as network resources, law books, expert opinions, etc., second, In any case, foreign laws should be scrutinized and cross-examined by the court. When the foreign law can not be ascertained, we should adhere to the usual practice of our country, that is, directly apply the internal law, but we should pay attention to the reasonable time limit, the distribution of responsibility, the exhaustion of reasonable methods and so on. This paper is divided into four parts, which focus on three problems in the foreign law identification system, namely, the distribution of the foreign law identification responsibility, the way of the foreign law identification and the identification and treatment of the foreign law identification. The first part introduces the relevant circumstances of the case and the reasons for the court's judgment, which leads to the relevant problems such as the distribution of the responsibility for the identification of foreign law, the way of the identification of foreign law, and the inability of the identification of foreign law, which are worth discussing in this case. The second part mainly discusses the distribution of responsibility identified by foreign law. There are three international approaches: one is that judges bear strict responsibility for finding out foreign laws, the other is that the parties bear all the responsibilities of finding out foreign laws, and the third is that judges and parties cooperate with each other in ascertaining foreign laws. The current legislation of our country stipulates in principle the duty of the court to find out the foreign law. However, in different cases, the court and the parties bear different responsibilities of ascertainment, that is, when the parties choose to apply the foreign law, The parties shall mainly bear the responsibility of ascertaining; According to conflict norms, when the judge thinks that foreign law should be applied, the court mainly bears the responsibility of ascertaining. Then it discusses the four problems about the allocation of responsibility in this case, and then puts forward some suggestions on the legislation. The third part discusses the ways to find out the foreign law. This paper first introduces several common ways of finding out foreign law, that is, expert opinion, law books, scholars' writings, mutual legal assistance, network resources, and puts forward relevant matters for attention and suggestions when introducing each way. Then it mainly analyzes the problem of expert opinion in this case. The fourth part discusses that foreign law can not be identified. First of all, it explains the main body that can not be identified by foreign law, that is, the court, and then discusses the identification criteria of the identification of foreign law from three aspects, that is, the criterion of reasonable time limit, the criterion of ascertaining the distribution of responsibility, and the criterion of exhausting the means of identification. Then it introduces three kinds of treatment methods which are commonly used at home and abroad when finding out that they can not be found out, that is, direct application of internal law, substitution for application of internal law, rejection of litigant's request or defense, and analysis of the above problems involved in this case.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997

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