《专利合作条约（PCT）》的最新发展与我国对策

发布时间：2018-12-15 08:58

【摘要】：“PCT”即《专利合作条约》的简称,是专利领域最重要的国际合作条约。本文主要介绍了PCT的基本内容、历史发展、申请程序以及适用PCT的诸多好处,在介绍世界PCT申请现状以及中国现状的情况下,揭示了PCT制度存在的诸多问题,并针对问题对进了深入探讨,最后,指出了中国在PCT适合过程中的现实问题,在展望PCT未来发展前景的同时,提出了改革建议及我国的应对措施。本文第一章首先对PCT制度进行了介绍,包括：PCT是什么,如何产生的以及申请程序,然后对适用PCT的诸多好处进行了评述,如：最大程度上简化了繁琐的申请手续；在不影响申请口的前提下,增加了申请人的考虑时间；获得国际检索报告和国际专利性初步报告；便于企业及时了解最新的技术信息；一种语言多国申请；客观上提高了我国专利局的专利管理水平；有利于提升我国企业在国际上的形象等等。介绍了如何有效的利用PCT制度。在比较国外主要国家的PCT使用状况的同时,分析了PCT在中国的利用情况,我国仍需进一步扩大PCT制度的使用范围,使各技术领域呈现百花齐放的局面。本文第二章从分析国外专家资料入手,分析PCT制度现在的主要问题。例如：PCT申请程序太过复杂,仍需进一步简化程序及降低成本；目前的PCT制度需进一步扩大保护客体以适合现代科技的发展；现有的PCT申请程序中的检索报告和初步审查结果对成员国仅限参考作用,成员国之间的审查结果相互承认较少,审查效率低,真正发挥作用的仍是一国的国内法,国际专利一体化发展需求迫切等问题。本文第三章主要针对第二章提出的问题进行深入探讨。通过对国外主要国家适用PCT的情况论证所提出的问题。本章后半部分笔者也针对提出的问题给予了一些改进的建议。本文最后一章首先指出了中国在适用PCT制度中所存在的问题,例如：PCT申请成本过高,一些个人、小企业申请人无力支付,因此,经费来源成为相当一部分申请人无法选择PCT途径的主要原因；对PCT程序不甚了解,运用能力不足,相关法律知识匮乏；缺乏PCT意识,没有真正认识到PCT的优势,知识产权国际保护观念没有树立起来；政府资助力度不够,政府没有真正重视专利的国际保护,国际保护视角未全面建立；技术分布特点体现我国具有国际竞争力的行业太少,大学专利水平不高；由于不了解国外有关法律、保护状况、渠道等,限制了中国申请人对PCT的选择；盲目申请专利,误读了专利申请的真正意义。同时对比美国的情况,提出了改进的方向。在展望PCT未来发展前景的同时,面对改革带来的各方面影响,提出了改革建议与对策。
[Abstract]:PCT, the abbreviation of Patent Cooperation Treaty, is the most important international cooperation treaty in patent field. This paper mainly introduces the basic content, the historical development, the application procedure and the many advantages of the application of PCT. After introducing the application status of PCT in the world as well as the present situation of China, it reveals many problems existing in the PCT system. Finally, the paper points out the practical problems in the process of PCT adaptation in China, and puts forward the reform suggestions and countermeasures while looking forward to the future development prospects of PCT. The first chapter introduces the PCT system, including: what is PCT, how to produce it and the application procedure, and then comments on the advantages of applying PCT, such as: simplify the complicated application procedures to the greatest extent; Without affecting the application, it increases the time for the applicant to consider; obtains the international search report and the international patent preliminary report; facilitates the enterprise to keep up with the latest technical information in time; the multi-country application in one language; It improves the patent management level of patent office objectively and promotes the international image of Chinese enterprises. This paper introduces how to make effective use of PCT system. While comparing the use of PCT in major foreign countries, this paper analyzes the utilization of PCT in China. Our country still needs to further expand the scope of use of the PCT system, so that all technical fields are in full bloom. The second chapter analyzes the main problems of PCT system from the analysis of foreign experts. For example, the PCT application procedure is too complicated, it still needs further simplification and cost reduction, the current PCT system needs to further expand the protection object to suit the development of modern science and technology. The search reports and preliminary review results in the existing PCT application procedures are limited to the reference of member States. The results of the reviews between member States are less recognized, the review is inefficient, and it is still the domestic laws of a country that really play a role. The development needs of international patent integration are urgent. The third chapter focuses on the problems raised in the second chapter. This paper discusses the application of PCT to foreign countries. In the second half of this chapter, the author also gives some suggestions for improving the problems raised. In the last chapter of this paper, we first point out the problems existing in the application of PCT in China, such as the high cost of PCT application, the inability of some individuals and the applicants of small enterprises to pay, so, The source of funds is the main reason why a considerable number of applicants are unable to choose the PCT approach; Lack of understanding of PCT procedures, lack of ability to use, lack of relevant legal knowledge, lack of PCT consciousness, lack of real recognition of the advantages of PCT, and lack of international protection of intellectual property rights; The government has not paid enough attention to the international protection of patents, the perspective of international protection has not been fully established, the characteristics of technology distribution reflect that there are too few industries with international competitiveness in China, and the level of university patents is not high. The lack of knowledge of foreign laws, protection, channels and so on limits the Chinese applicants' choice of PCT, and blindly applies for a patent, misreading the true significance of the patent application. At the same time, compared with the situation in the United States, the direction of improvement is put forward. While looking forward to the future development of PCT, the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures in the face of the influence brought by the reform.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1;D923.42

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