WTO环境规则的局限性与完善研究
发布时间：2018-12-17 06:55
【摘要】：与全球经济飞速发展接踵而至的是当今世界环境状况的日益恶化，人类正面临着前所未有的全球环境危机。面对这种危机，各国政府已经开始通过国内相关环境立法、签订多边环境协定等方式做出积极的应对，与此同时，WTO也对自身的贸易规则进行了相应的调整，但由于其对环境问题的处理比较原则笼统，可行性不强，使得不同国家在对其有关环境条款进行援引适用时困难重重。本文正是基于这一角度出发，将WTO环境规则作为研究对象进行系统分析，为WTO环境规则的合理适用与完善、构建WTO体制下较为完整的环境法律体系做出努力。 首先，本文以对WTO环境规则的研究为重点，在阐释WTO环境规则有关国际法原理的基础上，主要分析了其中的宪法性条款，一般例外条款，，特别法条款和技术标准条款内容，综合分析得出WTO环境规则在规定、适用及理念上的局限性。如WTO环境规则具有较强的概括性和原则性，涉及领域过窄，缺乏对发展中成员合理差别待遇理念等。其中，在对WTO环境规则的局限性进行分析时，注重对相关实例的探讨，采用实证方法进行分析得出结论。 其次，对WTO环境规则的完善提出自己的观点。即认为通过协商达成“与贸易有关的环境措施协议”（即TREMs协议）是解决环境贸易问题的最佳途径，并对TREMs协定的基本原则、法律构架等提出相关立法建议，同时关注TREMs协定对多边环境协定与WTO环境规则的冲突之协调。 最后，指出我国关于WTO环境规则之完善应持的立场及对策。即认为结合WTO相关环境制度对我国环境立法加以完善与创新，是实现我国经济可持续发展、协调环境与贸易关系的有效途径。 本文创新之处在于，注重从低碳背景的角度将WTO环境规则的完善加以阐释，对哥本哈根气候变化大会及成果、坎昆气候大会在全球气候问题上的相关进展予以关注，并对其所取得的成果及有关安排进行理论思考。笔者相信关于这些问题的研究对推动WTO环境规则的完善、当今世界多边贸易体制下环境与贸易关系的协调、促进二者间的相互支撑并顺利实现经济贸易可持续发展，以及维护当今及未来全人类的共同利益都具有一定的现实意义和理论价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the environmental situation of the world is deteriorating day by day, and mankind is facing an unprecedented global environmental crisis. In the face of this crisis, the governments of various countries have already begun to make positive responses through domestic relevant environmental legislation and signing multilateral environmental agreements. At the same time, the WTO has also adjusted its own trade rules accordingly. However, due to the general principle and the low feasibility, it is difficult for different countries to invoke and apply the relevant environmental provisions. Based on this point of view, this paper makes a systematic analysis of WTO environmental rules as the object of study, and makes efforts for the rational application and improvement of WTO environmental rules and the construction of a relatively complete environmental legal system under the WTO system. First of all, this paper focuses on the study of WTO environmental rules, on the basis of explaining the relevant principles of international law of WTO environmental rules, mainly analyzes the constitutional provisions, general exception clauses, special law provisions and technical standard provisions. Comprehensive analysis of the WTO environmental rules in the provisions, application and concept of limitations. For example, the environmental rules of WTO have strong generality and principle, too narrow scope, and lack of the idea of reasonable differential treatment for developing members. During the analysis of the limitations of WTO environmental rules, the author pays attention to the discussion of relevant examples and draws a conclusion by empirical analysis. Secondly, the author puts forward his own point of view on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is, to reach the Agreement on Trade-Related Environmental measures (TREMs Agreement) through negotiation is the best way to solve the problem of environmental trade, and to put forward relevant legislative suggestions on the basic principles and legal framework of the TREMs Agreement. At the same time, attention is paid to the coordination of the TREMs agreement on the conflict between the multilateral environmental agreement and the WTO environmental rules. Finally, the author points out that our country should hold the position and countermeasure on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is to say, it is an effective way to realize the sustainable development of our economy and coordinate the relationship between environment and trade by perfecting and innovating our environmental legislation in combination with the relevant environmental system of WTO. The innovation of this paper is that it pays attention to the improvement of WTO environmental rules from the perspective of low-carbon background, and pays attention to the Copenhagen Climate change Conference and its achievements, and the related progress of Cancun Climate Conference on global climate issues. And to its achievements and related arrangements for theoretical thinking. The author believes that the research on these issues will promote the improvement of WTO environmental rules, the coordination of environment and trade relations under the multilateral trading system in the world, promote the mutual support between the two, and smoothly realize the sustainable development of economic and trade. And safeguarding the common interests of the present and future all mankind has certain practical significance and theoretical value.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1
本文编号：2383840
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the environmental situation of the world is deteriorating day by day, and mankind is facing an unprecedented global environmental crisis. In the face of this crisis, the governments of various countries have already begun to make positive responses through domestic relevant environmental legislation and signing multilateral environmental agreements. At the same time, the WTO has also adjusted its own trade rules accordingly. However, due to the general principle and the low feasibility, it is difficult for different countries to invoke and apply the relevant environmental provisions. Based on this point of view, this paper makes a systematic analysis of WTO environmental rules as the object of study, and makes efforts for the rational application and improvement of WTO environmental rules and the construction of a relatively complete environmental legal system under the WTO system. First of all, this paper focuses on the study of WTO environmental rules, on the basis of explaining the relevant principles of international law of WTO environmental rules, mainly analyzes the constitutional provisions, general exception clauses, special law provisions and technical standard provisions. Comprehensive analysis of the WTO environmental rules in the provisions, application and concept of limitations. For example, the environmental rules of WTO have strong generality and principle, too narrow scope, and lack of the idea of reasonable differential treatment for developing members. During the analysis of the limitations of WTO environmental rules, the author pays attention to the discussion of relevant examples and draws a conclusion by empirical analysis. Secondly, the author puts forward his own point of view on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is, to reach the Agreement on Trade-Related Environmental measures (TREMs Agreement) through negotiation is the best way to solve the problem of environmental trade, and to put forward relevant legislative suggestions on the basic principles and legal framework of the TREMs Agreement. At the same time, attention is paid to the coordination of the TREMs agreement on the conflict between the multilateral environmental agreement and the WTO environmental rules. Finally, the author points out that our country should hold the position and countermeasure on the perfection of WTO environmental rules. That is to say, it is an effective way to realize the sustainable development of our economy and coordinate the relationship between environment and trade by perfecting and innovating our environmental legislation in combination with the relevant environmental system of WTO. The innovation of this paper is that it pays attention to the improvement of WTO environmental rules from the perspective of low-carbon background, and pays attention to the Copenhagen Climate change Conference and its achievements, and the related progress of Cancun Climate Conference on global climate issues. And to its achievements and related arrangements for theoretical thinking. The author believes that the research on these issues will promote the improvement of WTO environmental rules, the coordination of environment and trade relations under the multilateral trading system in the world, promote the mutual support between the two, and smoothly realize the sustainable development of economic and trade. And safeguarding the common interests of the present and future all mankind has certain practical significance and theoretical value.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1
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