转基因食品安全监管国际立法问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 21:10

【摘要】：人口、资源、环境一直是人类生存与发展所面临的主要问题,受人口剧增、气候变暖、水资源短缺等不利因素影响,仅靠传统耕种方式提高粮食产量的可能性已十分有限,转基因生物技术的运应而生成为解决这些问题的重要途径。从1983年转基因烟草诞生,转基因技术不断向农业领域快速渗透和发展,到2014年全球转基因作物面积已达1.815亿公顷,2015全球转基因作物种植面积首次下降,较上年减少1%,转基因食品已经成为21世纪的新型食品端上寻常百姓餐桌。可以说转基因食品的出现,是食品领域的一场革命。转基因食品的发展为人类社会带来巨大经济、社会效益,但是本身具有科学上的复杂性和不确定性,可能对人类健康和生态环境具有潜在风险和危害,因此转基因食品安全成为全球各界广泛关注和争论的焦点。转基因食品安全问题关系到大众切身利益和国家经济利益,对其加强安全监管立法,势必成为各国题中之义。因此,世界各国立足于国家利益,基于各自立法原则,实行不同的转基因食品安全监管制度和模式,其中最具有代表性的是欧盟、美国和日本。本文第一部分阐述了转基因食品安全监管的基本概况,第二部分介绍分析了欧盟、美国、日本和国际组织转基因食品安全监管立法体系,进行比较和研究,总结其规律和经验。第三部分阐述了我国转基因食品安全监管立法现状,指出我国转基因食品安全监管立法的诸多缺陷和问题。进而第四部分提出,面对转基因食品我国应持谨慎乐观的态度,坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念,明确立法原则,引入“互联网+”思维,对构建一套行之有效的法律体系和监管制度确保实现对转基因食品安全监管提出建议和对策。
[Abstract]:Population, resources and environment have always been the main problems facing the survival and development of mankind. Due to the adverse factors such as population growth, climate warming and water shortage, the possibility of increasing grain production by traditional farming methods alone has been very limited. Transgenic biotechnology is an important way to solve these problems. Since the birth of transgenic tobacco in 1983, transgenic technology has been rapidly infiltrating and developing into the field of agriculture. By 2014, the global area of genetically modified crops has reached 181.5 million hectares, and the planting area of 2015 global genetically modified crops has declined for the first time, which is 1% less than the previous year. GM food has become a new type of food in the 21 st century on the table of ordinary people. It can be said that the emergence of genetically modified food is a revolution in the field of food. The development of genetically modified food has brought enormous economic and social benefits to human society, but it has scientific complexity and uncertainty, which may have potential risks and hazards to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, GM food safety has become the focus of global attention and debate. The safety of genetically modified food is related to the vital interests of the public and the national economic interests. It is bound to become the meaning of various countries to strengthen the legislation of safety supervision. Therefore, based on the national interests and their respective legislative principles, countries in the world implement different regulatory systems and models of genetically modified food safety, the most representative of which are the European Union, the United States and Japan. The first part of this paper describes the basic situation of genetically modified food safety supervision. The second part introduces and analyzes the European Union, the United States, Japan and international organizations of genetically modified food safety regulatory legislation system, compared and studied, summed up its laws and experiences. The third part expounds the current situation of the legislation on the safety supervision of genetically modified foods in China, and points out many defects and problems in the legislation of safety supervision of genetically modified foods in China. In the fourth part, we should keep a cautious and optimistic attitude towards GM food, insist on innovation, coordination, green, open, shared development concept, clarify the principle of legislation, and introduce the thinking of "Internet". Suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to establish an effective legal system and regulatory system to ensure the implementation of the safety supervision of genetically modified foods.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D997

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