难民保护中国家的国际义务研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 12:14

【摘要】：难民问题是一个自古便有之的国际性难题。20世纪以来,随着世界全球化进程的加快,国际格局和各国间的经济实力对比都发生了翻天覆地的变化,此外,由于一些国家和地区国内政局动荡、暴力冲突不断、种族和宗教斗争激烈、侵犯人权的事件此起彼伏,这使得难民问题的形势也日渐严峻。虽然目前国际社会在难民保护工作上作出了许多努力,但由于难民问题的国际性和复杂性,难民国际保护工作的推进依然面临着重重困难。因此,国家作为难民问题的主要来源者和难民保护工作的主力军,应严格地遵守国际难民法的相关规则,积极地承担起难民保护的义务。本文以几个主要的国际难民法律文件为依据,并结合国家保护责任理论和国家责任理论,进行了理论创新,对国家在难民保护过程中所应承担的义务进行了研究。本文对该问题的论述共分为四部分:第一部分主要阐述国家的难民保护国际义务的产生与发展。该部分介绍了与本文之后三部分有着直接联系的国家难民保护义务的产生、确立与发展的情况,分析了不同历史时期国际难民法律文件的特点及国家承担难民保护义务的具体状况,论证了各国际法规则和法律渊源对国家难民保护义务的发展起到了怎样的作用,阐述了国家承担难民保护义务的法律依据,解答了为什么国家要承担难民保护国际义务的问题。第二部分主要分析国家的难民保护国际义务的构成。该部分在结合保护责任论的基础上,进行了一定的理论创新,分别从积极的保护义务和消极的不推回义务的角度探讨了国家承担难民保护国际义务这两种主要形式,解答了国家在难民保护的过程中应承担怎样的义务的问题。第三部分主要论述国家难民保护义务的履行。该部分结合了第一、二部分,介绍了目前国家承担难民保护的国际义务所面临的主要困难,并对国家履行难民保护国际义务的基本原则和履行方式进行了研究,解答了国家在承担难民保护义务的过程中应该怎么做的问题。第四部分主要探讨国家违反难民保护国际义务后的国家责任。该结合了国家责任的相关理论,分析了造成难民问题之国家的国际不法行为的构成,论述了国家承担违反难民保护义务之责任的具体方式,解答了国家在违反难民保护的国际义务之后应当承担怎样的法律后果的问题。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem is an international problem that has existed since ancient times. Since the 20th century, with the acceleration of the process of globalization in the world, the international pattern and the balance of economic power among countries have undergone earth-shaking changes. Because some countries and regions have internal political instability, violent conflicts, intense ethnic and religious struggles, human rights violations have occurred one after another, which makes the situation of refugees increasingly serious. Although the international community has made a lot of efforts in the field of refugee protection, due to the international and complexity of the refugee problem, the international protection of refugees still faces a lot of difficulties. Therefore, as the main source of refugee problems and the main force of refugee protection, the State should strictly abide by the relevant rules of international refugee law and actively undertake the obligation of refugee protection. Based on several international refugee legal documents and combining the theory of national responsibility to protect and the theory of state responsibility, this paper makes a theoretical innovation and studies the obligations of the state in the process of refugee protection. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly expounds the emergence and development of the international obligation of refugee protection. This part introduces the emergence, establishment and development of the refugee protection obligations of the countries which are directly related to the last three parts of this article. This paper analyzes on the characteristics of international refugee legal documents in different historical periods and the specific situation of the state's obligation to protect refugees, and demonstrates how the rules of international law and the sources of law have played a role in the development of national refugee protection obligations. This paper expounds the legal basis on which the state undertakes the obligation of refugee protection, and answers the question of why the country should undertake the international obligation of refugee protection. The second part mainly analyzes the international obligations of refugee protection. On the basis of the theory of the responsibility to protect, this part makes some theoretical innovations and discusses the two main forms of the international obligation of refugee protection from the angle of positive duty of protection and negative obligation of non-refoulement. Answer the question of what kind of obligations the State should undertake in the process of refugee protection. The third part mainly discusses the implementation of national refugee protection obligations. Combining the first and second parts, this part introduces the main difficulties faced by States in undertaking international obligations for refugee protection at present, and studies the basic principles and ways in which States fulfil their international obligations for refugee protection. Answers the question of what States should do in the process of assuming refugee protection obligations. The fourth part mainly discusses the state responsibility after violating the international obligation of refugee protection. Combining the relevant theory of State responsibility, it analyses the composition of the internationally wrongful acts of the State causing the refugee problem and discusses the specific ways in which the State is responsible for violating the obligation to protect refugees, Answered the question of what legal consequences States should bear after violating their international obligations on refugee protection.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99

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