“碳关税”贸易壁垒的挑战及法律对策研究
发布时间：2018-12-30 17:09
【摘要】：联合国哥本哈根气候大会后,控制温室气体排放,发展低碳经济,已得到国际社会的普遍共识。在此背景下,以美国、欧盟为主导的发达国家纷纷出台征收碳关税的法案或指令,寻求以征收碳关税的形式来改变全球气候变暖问题。如美国2009年通过了《美国清洁能源安全法案》,规定美国有权对不实施碳减排限额国家出口到美国的产品征收碳关税,法案从2020年开始实施。而欧盟也已于2008年通过了2008/101号指令,决定自2012年1月1日起,将航空运输业纳入欧盟温室气体排放交易体系,由此正式确立了航空碳关税制度。究其实质,碳关税乃是以环境保护为名,行贸易保护之实,不仅在经济上严重阻碍了我国的发展,更对我国的法制环境带来了冲击与挑战。 面对这一严峻挑战,我国应该未雨绸缪采取积极措施应对。本文正是出于以上考虑,对碳关税问题展开研究。 第一章针对碳关税绿色贸易壁垒的特征进行了分析和论证。介绍了碳关税现象产生的原因和固有特征,并从法律和实证角度论证碳关税的国际违法性和壁垒性。第二章则分别介绍了欧盟与美国的碳关税立法,并着重分析了两者的异同,为我国有效应对碳关税贸易壁垒提供了法律基础。第三章探讨了碳关税实施后对我国经济发展和法制环境等带来的挑战和影响。第四章着重从法律角度提出应对碳关税问题的有效对策。具体法律对策从国际法层面和国内法层面展开,其中国际法层面主要是加强国际谈判、推进自由贸易区合作、实施反制措施、充分运用WTO争端解决机制、寻求豁免等；而国内法层面则是完善我国应对气候变化的环境保护法律体系、启动我国碳税立法,提高我国应对碳关税的能力,从而维护我国的经济利益。
[Abstract]:After the United Nations Climate Conference in Copenhagen, the control of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of a low carbon economy have been generally agreed by the international community. Against this background, developed countries, led by the United States and the European Union, have introduced bills or directives to impose carbon tariffs, seeking to change global warming in the form of carbon tariffs. For example, the United States passed the Clean Energy Security Act in 2009, which provides that the United States has the right to impose carbon tariffs on products exported to the United States by countries that do not implement carbon abatement limits, which will come into effect in 2020. The European Union has also adopted the 2008 / 101 directive in 2008, and decided to bring the air transport industry into the EU greenhouse gas emissions trading system from January 1, 2012, thus formally establishing the aviation carbon tariff system. In essence, carbon tariff is in the name of environmental protection, which not only seriously hinders the development of our country in economy, but also brings impact and challenge to the legal environment of our country. In the face of this severe challenge, our country should plan ahead and take active measures to deal with it. For the above consideration, this paper studies carbon tariff. The first chapter analyzes and demonstrates the characteristics of carbon tariff green trade barrier. This paper introduces the causes and inherent characteristics of carbon tariff, and proves the international illegality and barrier of carbon tariff from the angle of law and demonstration. The second chapter introduces the carbon tariff legislation of the EU and the United States, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two, which provides a legal basis for China to deal effectively with the carbon tariff barriers. The third chapter discusses the challenges and impacts on China's economic development and legal environment after the implementation of carbon tariff. The fourth chapter puts forward the effective countermeasures to deal with the carbon tariff problem from the angle of law. The specific legal countermeasures are developed from the aspects of international law and domestic law, in which international law is mainly to strengthen international negotiations, promote free trade zone cooperation, implement countermeasures, make full use of the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO, seek exemption and so on. But the domestic law level is to perfect the environmental protection legal system of our country to deal with the climate change, start our country carbon tax legislation, improve our country's ability to deal with the carbon tariff, so as to safeguard our country's economic benefit.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996
本文编号：2395873
[Abstract]:After the United Nations Climate Conference in Copenhagen, the control of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of a low carbon economy have been generally agreed by the international community. Against this background, developed countries, led by the United States and the European Union, have introduced bills or directives to impose carbon tariffs, seeking to change global warming in the form of carbon tariffs. For example, the United States passed the Clean Energy Security Act in 2009, which provides that the United States has the right to impose carbon tariffs on products exported to the United States by countries that do not implement carbon abatement limits, which will come into effect in 2020. The European Union has also adopted the 2008 / 101 directive in 2008, and decided to bring the air transport industry into the EU greenhouse gas emissions trading system from January 1, 2012, thus formally establishing the aviation carbon tariff system. In essence, carbon tariff is in the name of environmental protection, which not only seriously hinders the development of our country in economy, but also brings impact and challenge to the legal environment of our country. In the face of this severe challenge, our country should plan ahead and take active measures to deal with it. For the above consideration, this paper studies carbon tariff. The first chapter analyzes and demonstrates the characteristics of carbon tariff green trade barrier. This paper introduces the causes and inherent characteristics of carbon tariff, and proves the international illegality and barrier of carbon tariff from the angle of law and demonstration. The second chapter introduces the carbon tariff legislation of the EU and the United States, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two, which provides a legal basis for China to deal effectively with the carbon tariff barriers. The third chapter discusses the challenges and impacts on China's economic development and legal environment after the implementation of carbon tariff. The fourth chapter puts forward the effective countermeasures to deal with the carbon tariff problem from the angle of law. The specific legal countermeasures are developed from the aspects of international law and domestic law, in which international law is mainly to strengthen international negotiations, promote free trade zone cooperation, implement countermeasures, make full use of the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO, seek exemption and so on. But the domestic law level is to perfect the environmental protection legal system of our country to deal with the climate change, start our country carbon tax legislation, improve our country's ability to deal with the carbon tariff, so as to safeguard our country's economic benefit.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 刘建康;论低碳贸易壁垒的法律应对[D];河北经贸大学;2013年
2 张志慧;欧盟航空碳排放交易指令的挑战及其对策[D];大连海事大学;2013年
，本文编号：2395873
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