论不扩散核武器条约在习惯国际法上的地位

发布时间：2018-12-30 18:58

【摘要】：不扩散核武器条约在现代国际关系和国际法上有非常重要的地位。其是否已发展成为习惯国际法,对于探讨印度、巴基斯坦、以色列和朝鲜四个非缔约国的核问题有重要意义。由于不扩散核武器条约不是习惯国际法的编纂,因此判断条约在习惯国际法上的地位,包含条约是否具备成为习惯国际法的条件和是否已成为习惯国际法两个层面,即条约规则是否具备"规则创立性",以及是否符合习惯国际法的两个构成要件。依此两标准分析,条约中的和平利用核能已发展成为习惯国际法,但由于条约本身的契约性和属于军控与裁军领域的特殊性,不扩散仍然只是形成中的习惯国际法,而核裁军成为习惯国际法则遥遥无期,二者仍然需要国际社会在"通例"和"法律确念"两个方面进一步形成共识。
[Abstract]:The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT) plays a very important role in modern international relations and international law. Whether it has developed into customary international law is of great significance in exploring the nuclear issue of four non-parties to India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea. Since the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons is not a codification of customary international law, it is judged that the status of the treaty in customary international law consists of two dimensions: whether the treaty meets the requirements of customary international law and whether it has become customary international law, That is, whether the treaty rules are "rule-creating" and whether they are in conformity with the two constituent elements of customary international law. According to these two criteria, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in the Treaty have developed into customary international law, but because of the contractual nature of the Treaty itself and its particularity in the field of arms control and disarmament, non-proliferation remains only customary international law in the making, However, nuclear disarmament is far from becoming a customary international law, and they still need international community to reach a consensus on "general rule" and "legal certainty".
【作者单位】：绍兴文理学院法学院;
【分类号】：D999.2

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