论我国海洋环境侵权的法律适用

发布时间：2019-01-23 18:46

【摘要】：本文从2010年4月20日发生的墨西哥湾漏油事件入手,提出保护海洋环境的重要性以及制定海洋环境侵权冲突规则的迫切性。正文第一章阐述海洋环境侵权的概念及特征,重点指出海洋环境侵权案件中生态利益所遭受的损害不容忽视；海洋环境侵权与海事侵权的区别在此也予以了探讨。第二章在批判接受国内外法律或学者对海洋环境侵权所进行的分类的基础上,从冲突法的角度将海洋环境侵权分为三大类,是后文构建冲突规则的基石。第三章着重分析现阶段海洋环境侵权冲突规则存在的必要性,主要从以下两个方面展开：一、国际上尚不存在统一调整海洋环境侵权的实体法或冲突法；二、各主要海洋大国关于海洋环境侵权损害赔偿的制度各不相同。第四章根据各海洋大国以及我国现行立法的规定,介绍了海洋环境侵权在各国的法律适用情况,或依据一般侵权冲突规则,或采用特殊侵权冲突规则。第五章介绍了国际冲突法领域所涌现的各种法律选择方法,包括传统选择方法和现代选择方法,分析其利弊,并结合实践,提出我国的海洋环境侵权可以采取“损害结果发生地为主,同时受害人可以选择适用对其最有利的法律”的冲突法模式,另外规定发生在公海上且未对沿海国造成损害的海洋污染行为适用船旗国法律或行为人国籍国法律。
[Abstract]:Starting from the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, this paper puts forward the importance of protecting the marine environment and the urgency of formulating the conflict rules of infringement of the marine environment. The first chapter expounds the concept and characteristics of marine environmental tort, and points out that the damage to ecological interests in marine environmental tort cases can not be ignored, and the difference between marine environmental tort and maritime tort is also discussed here. On the basis of critically accepting the classification of marine environmental tort made by domestic and foreign laws or scholars, the second chapter divides marine environmental tort into three categories from the perspective of conflict of laws, which is the cornerstone of building conflict rules. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the necessity of the existing conflict rules of marine environmental tort, mainly from the following two aspects: first, there is no substantive law or conflict law in the world to regulate marine environmental tort; Second, the major marine countries on the marine environment tort compensation system is different. The fourth chapter introduces the legal application of marine environmental tort in various countries according to the current legislation of various major maritime countries and our country, either according to the general tort conflict rules or adopting the special tort conflict rules. The fifth chapter introduces the various legal choice methods in the field of international conflict law, including the traditional choice method and the modern choice method, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and combines the practice. It is suggested that the tort of marine environment in our country can adopt the conflict law model of "the place where the damage occurs, and the victim can choose to apply the law that is most beneficial to him". In addition, the law of the flag State or the law of the State of nationality of the perpetrator shall apply to acts of marine pollution that occur on the high seas and do not cause harm to the coastal State.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D913;D997

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