论国际贸易的自由化与公平性

发布时间：2019-02-23 18:06

【摘要】：贸易自由化与贸易公平问题一直是引起国际社会广泛争论的问题,贸易自由化是否损害贸易公平,贸易公平的实现是否会阻碍贸易自由化的发展,这些问题对国际贸易的发展提出了新的课题和挑战。从贸易产生之初人们对贸易的否定态度,到之后重商主义思潮的影响产生对贸易自由化的要求,再到生产力高度发展的现代阶段对贸易公平的诉求,国际贸易经历了对效率、自由和公平的价值追求阶段。通过分析国际贸易的历史,可以发现国际贸易对自由和公平的追求从未停止,而且为了推进贸易自由化和贸易公平,WTO做出了巨大努力,制订了以最惠国待遇、国民待遇、互惠待遇和特殊和差别待遇为主的贸易原则,在遵循贸易自由化的基础上从体制上对贸易的公平进行予以保证,体现了对广大发展中国家的关注。虽然国际社会努力营造公平贸易的平台,但由于贸易原则在实施过程中,普惠制的单方授予性和附条件性、国民待遇例外的模糊性和滥用、特殊和差别待遇的体制性缺陷等原因,使贸易原则的作用大打折扣；而且贸易各方纷纷从国内竞争法入手,制定有利于自己的竞争政策,并将人权条件、技术性贸易壁垒悄然纳入竞争政策中,这扭曲了贸易自由化的本旨；加之与贸易有关的贸易救济措施的不当使用,旨在弥补贸易不公平的“两反一补”措施却成了贸易公平运行的绊脚石。基于国际贸易运行的现状,构建一个公平的自由贸易体制就成为大势所趋,该贸易体制要以有效的非互惠待遇为基础,协调与贸易有关的各项竞争政策,引导各贸易主体合理运用技术优势和贸易救济措施,打造一个公平的贸易竞争平台。
[Abstract]:The issue of trade liberalization and trade equity has always been a controversial issue in the international community. Whether trade liberalization damages trade fairness and whether the realization of trade equity will hinder the development of trade liberalization. These problems pose new problems and challenges to the development of international trade. From the negative attitude of people to trade at the beginning of trade, to the demand of trade liberalization due to the influence of mercantilism, to the demand of trade fairness in the modern stage of high development of productive forces, international trade has experienced a great deal of efficiency. Freedom and fairness in the pursuit of the value of the stage. By analyzing the history of international trade, we can find that the pursuit of freedom and fairness in international trade has never stopped, and in order to promote trade liberalization and trade fairness, WTO has made great efforts to formulate the most-favoured-nation treatment. The principle of reciprocal treatment and special and differential treatment, which guarantees the fairness of trade on the basis of trade liberalization, reflects the concern of developing countries. Despite the efforts of the international community to create a platform for fair trade, the ambiguity and abuse of exceptions to national treatment are due to the unilateral awarding and conditionality of the GSP in the implementation of trade principles, Special and differential treatment system defects and other reasons, so that the role of trade principles greatly reduced; Moreover, all sides of trade begin with domestic competition law, formulate competition policy in favor of themselves, and bring human rights conditions and technical barriers to trade into competition policy quietly, which distorts the original aim of trade liberalization; In addition to the improper use of trade relief measures related to trade, the "two opposing and one supplement" measures aimed at compensating trade inequity have become a stumbling block to the fair operation of trade. Based on the current operation of international trade, the construction of a fair and free trade system has become the trend of the times. The trade system should be based on effective non-reciprocal treatment and coordinate various competition policies related to trade. Guide each trade main body to make use of technical advantage and trade relief measures reasonably, build a fair trade competition platform.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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