论武装冲突中平民妇女的人身权保护

发布时间：2019-02-23 18:40

【摘要】：在第二次世界大战之后，小规模的地区间冲突不断，平民战争受害者的比例急剧上升，其中妇女和儿童是武装冲突的主要受害者。国际人道法赋予女性的人身权保护分为一般保护和专项保护。一般保护是指平民妇女所享有的与平民男性同等的保护；专项保护则是指专门针对妇女人身权保护的条款。国际社会应从人身安全、性暴力、流离失所、获取医疗保健和卫生服务、粮食、水和住所、亲属失踪及其对幸存者的影响等诸多方面给予平民妇女以保护。无论是国家的实际行动，还是它的言辞行为都能有助于促进保护武装冲突中保护平民妇女人权的实践的发展。许多国家的军事指南中都涉及了关于尊重与保护武装冲突受难妇女的义务。平民妇女是武装冲突中极易受到伤害的弱势群体，对平民妇女的权利进行特殊保护一直是各大国际组织的常设议题。国际组织对于平民妇女人身权的保护主要体现为联合国、国际刑事法院以及红十字国际委员会对于平民妇女人身权的保护。根据上述国际组织的规定，妇女必须要防止受到任何攻击，特别是防止强奸、强迫卖淫和其他任何形式的性侵犯。虽然国家和国际组织都对武装冲突中平民妇女人身权保护进行了大量的一般和特殊规定，，对武装冲突中的平民妇女人身权保护起到了至关重要的作用。但是，对于武装冲突中平民妇女的人身权保护还存在着不少问题。这些问题主要表现在对武装冲突中平民妇女人身权保护的立法不够明确、执行不够到位且在司法程序上存在一定缺陷，为世界平民妇女人身权保护的实现带来了诸多障碍。面对武装冲突中的平民妇女人身权保护中所存在问题，我们应当强化对武装冲突中平民妇女的相关法律的遵守、加大针对平民妇女战争犯罪的管辖范围，只有这样才能对武装冲突中平民妇女的人身权进行更加有效的保护。
[Abstract]:In the aftermath of the second World War, small-scale inter-regional conflicts continued and the proportion of civilian war victims rose sharply, of which women and children were the main victims of armed conflict. The protection of women's personal rights under international humanitarian law can be divided into general protection and special protection. General protection refers to civilian women enjoy the same protection as civilian men; special protection refers to the provisions that specifically protect women's personal rights. The international community should protect civilian women in terms of physical security, sexual violence, displacement, access to health care and sanitation services, food, water and shelter, the disappearance of relatives and their impact on survivors. Both the actual actions of the State and its rhetoric can contribute to the development of the practice of protecting the human rights of civilian women in armed conflict. Many military guidelines address the obligation to respect and protect women affected by armed conflict. Civilian women are vulnerable groups in armed conflict, and the special protection of the rights of civilian women has always been a permanent issue of major international organizations. The protection of civilian women's personal rights by international organizations is mainly embodied in the protection of civilian women's personal rights by the United Nations, the International Criminal Court and the International Committee of the Red Cross. According to the provisions of the above-mentioned international organizations, women must be protected from any attack, in particular rape, forced prostitution and any other form of sexual assault. Although both national and international organizations have made a large number of general and special provisions on the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, they have played a vital role in the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict. However, there are still many problems in the protection of civilian women's personal rights in armed conflict. These problems are mainly manifested in the lack of clear legislation on the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, inadequate implementation and defects in judicial procedures, which have brought many obstacles to the realization of the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in the world. In the face of the problems existing in the protection of the personal rights of civilian women in armed conflict, we should strengthen compliance with the relevant laws on civilian women in armed conflict and expand the jurisdiction over war crimes against civilian women. Only in this way can the human rights of civilian women in armed conflict be protected more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2

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