国际信托方式洗钱的国际法研究

发布时间：2019-05-07 06:57

【摘要】：洗钱犯罪已经成为危害国际金融安全的严重犯罪行为。然而,无论是在对洗钱行为的监测、侦查方面还是在对其上游犯罪的控制方面现有的国际法手段都没有达到预期效果,洗钱犯罪及其上游犯罪都呈现出继续发展和扩大的态势。随着各国对洗钱行为的打击力度逐年增强和洗钱犯罪规模的不断扩大,一国国内的洗钱行为已经不能满足犯罪分子转化非法收入的需要,洗钱行为在近几年表现出国际化的趋势。国际化洗钱行为具有传统洗钱行为的全部特征,同时也为了避免被反洗钱部门查获,利用了国家间金融制度的差异和现代金融工具的独特属性,将洗钱行为在国际金融市场中反复转移、混合,给国际反洗钱工作提供了新的挑战。现有的国际反洗钱制度是围绕可疑交易报告体系建立起来的静态的以单一帐户的资金出入情况为监测依据的制度体系,在对具有高度灵活性和层次性的国际化洗钱行为的规制上具有诸多不便。这种困难主要体现在:可疑交易报告制度的审查具有表面性,对于层次性明显的国际洗钱行为的审查难以深入,在纷繁复杂的国际金融市场中无法及时发现疑点进行侦查。在各种金融工具中,国际信托方式洗钱具有典型意义。国际信托具有传统信托的诸多特点,包括法律关系层次性和物权的意定性,这都对传统大陆法系国家的侦查增加了难度。同时,犯罪分子利用这种制度的区域性和差异性,在国际不同制度体系内转移资金,充分暴露了静止型的洗钱监测模式在新形势下难以发挥作用。为了应付新的国际洗钱形势,对于国际洗钱工作而言,急需解决的问题是建立统一国际反洗钱法律体系和执行组织,并改变现有的反洗钱方法。动态的反洗钱监测方法可以通过对资金运动的成本进行电子化分析以实现对国际洗钱行为层次化的突破。这种新的监测方法在更为高效的同时,也减轻了金融机构的经营成本,但同时也对国际反洗钱合作和信息共享机制的建立提出了更高的要求。
[Abstract]:The crime of money laundering has become a serious criminal act that endangers the international financial security. However, both in the monitoring of money-laundering, investigation and control of its upstream crime, the existing international law means have not achieved the expected effect, money-laundering crime and its predicate crime show a continuous development and expansion. With the increasing efforts of countries to combat money-laundering and the increasing scale of money-laundering crimes, money-laundering in a country has not been able to meet the needs of criminals to transform illicit income. Money laundering has shown an international trend in recent years. International money-laundering has all the characteristics of traditional money-laundering, and in order to avoid being seized by anti-money-laundering authorities, it makes use of the differences in financial systems between countries and the unique attributes of modern financial instruments, The transfer and mixing of money laundering in the international financial market provides a new challenge to the international anti-money laundering work. The existing international anti-money-laundering system is a static system based on the monitoring of single-account access to funds established around the suspicious transaction reporting system, There are many inconveniences in the regulation of international money laundering with high flexibility and hierarchy. The difficulties are as follows: the examination of suspicious transaction reporting system is superficial, the examination of international money laundering with obvious hierarchy is difficult to carry out in-depth, and it is impossible to detect the suspicious points in the complicated international financial market in time. In a variety of financial instruments, international trust money laundering has a typical significance. International trust has many characteristics of traditional trust, including the hierarchy of legal relations and the intention of real right, which increases the difficulty of investigation in traditional civil law countries. At the same time, criminals make use of the regional and difference of this system, transfer funds in different international systems, fully expose the static money laundering monitoring mode in the new situation difficult to play a role. In order to deal with the new situation of international money laundering, for the work of international money laundering, the urgent problem is to establish a unified international anti money laundering legal system and enforcement organization, and to change the existing anti money laundering methods. The dynamic anti-money laundering monitoring method can realize the breakthrough of international money laundering by analyzing the cost of fund movement electronically. This new monitoring method is not only more efficient, but also reduces the operating costs of financial institutions, but also puts forward higher requirements for the establishment of international anti-money laundering cooperation and information sharing mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.2;D997.9

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