GATS《金融附件》审慎例外问题研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 21:19
【摘要】：GATS《金融附件》中的审慎例外条款非常特殊，它的设立目的旨在平衡金融服务自由化与WTO成员国内规制自主权。但因该条款涉及的金融业部门非常敏感，发展中国家代表并不愿在当前阶段开放这一领域，WTO内部南北双方角力的结果便是，审慎例外条款的法律地位超越了GATS规定的一般义务与纪律，为成员降低承诺水平提供借口，成员可以利用该条款为国内金融业监管设立种种贸易壁垒。这不仅违背了WTO的宗旨，阻碍了国际金融业的自由化，同时也影响着金融市场的稳健发展。2008年始于美国的金融危机爆发后，国际金融业监管进入了新的时期，以巴塞尔银行业监管委员会为代表的国际组织纷纷对审慎监管开展了新的研究，也涌现出许多金融监管规制成果。在此背景下，对GATS《金融附件》审慎例外条款的研究就具有现实的理论和实践意义。 本文采取对审慎例外条款进行问题研究的方式，分为五个部分： 第一部分可细分为三部分。首先，对审慎例外条款的谈判背景进行历史分析，揭示条款形成的历史背景；其次，对审慎例外条款的最终协议文本进行文本分析，说明审慎例外条款的法律性质；最后，在此基础上提炼出GATS审慎例外条款的两大缺陷。 第二部分试图从GATS协议文本中探析对审慎例外条款的限定方案。先梳理GATS协议内可能对审慎例外条款造成影响的实体条款，包括国内规制、一般例外、市场准入以及支付条款等，得出实体条款对审慎例外几乎没有限制作用的结论；再分析GATS《金融附件》承认条款和GATS协议正文的承认条款，从程序方面对审慎例外条款进行限定，并结合承认条款的授权分析国际金融软法对审慎例外适用的影响以及利用软法规制的可行性。此部分采用文本分析。 第三部分在GATS协议对审慎例外限制较少的情况下，引入美国和欧盟对区域贸易协定中审慎例外条款的规定，通过对两区域相关协定中文本和实证两方面的剖析，研究较之GATS《金融附件》更为严格与先进的审慎例外制度设计，为GATS审慎例外条款的完善提供有益参考。 第四部分提出对GATS《金融附件》审慎例外条款的完善建议，，通过对第一部分中提出问题的解决方案的分析，指出未来审慎例外条款可能的发展方向，提出现阶段审慎例外内涵的确定应通过区域或双边谈判相互承认确定，适用上采纳合理性测试的方案，逐步实现对审慎例外的条款限制。 第五部分提出我国运用审慎例外条款的策略。在前文分析的基础上，从国际和国内两个层面，提出我国应立足于国内审慎规制的完善，吸纳国际软法的有益成果，为我国金融服务发展创造有利的国内外规则环境。
[Abstract]:The prudential exception clause in GATS Financial Annex is very special, and its purpose is to balance the liberalization of financial services with the autonomy of domestic regulation of WTO members. However, because the financial sector covered by this provision is very sensitive, representatives of developing countries are reluctant to open up the field at this stage. The result of the struggle between the north and the south within the WTO is that. The legal status of the prudential exception clause goes beyond the general obligations and disciplines stipulated by the GATS and provides an excuse for members to lower the level of commitment, which members can use to set up trade barriers to the supervision of the domestic financial sector. This not only violates the purpose of WTO, hinders the liberalization of international financial industry, but also affects the steady development of financial market. After the outbreak of the financial crisis in the United States in 2008, the supervision of international financial industry has entered a new period. The international organizations represented by the Basle Banking Regulatory Committee have carried out new research on prudential supervision, and many financial regulatory results have emerged. Under this background, the study of prudent exception clause in GATS Financial Annex has practical theoretical and practical significance. This paper adopts the method of studying the prudential exception clause, which is divided into five parts: the first part can be divided into three parts. First of all, this paper makes a historical analysis of the negotiation background of the prudential exception clause and reveals the historical background of the formation of the clause. Secondly, it makes a text analysis of the final agreement text of the prudential exception clause, explaining the legal nature of the prudential exception clause. Finally, on this basis, the two defects of GATS prudent exception clause are extracted. The second part attempts to explore the limitation scheme of prudent exception clause from the text of GATS agreement. This paper first combs the substantive clauses that may have an impact on the prudential exception clause in the GATS agreement, including domestic regulation, general exceptions, market access and payment clauses, and draws the conclusion that the substantive clause has little restrictive effect on the prudential exception. This paper analyzes the recognition clause of GATS Financial Annex and the recognition clause of the body of GATS agreement, and limits the prudential exception clause from the procedural point of view. Combined with the authorization of recognition clause, this paper analyzes the influence of international financial soft law on the application of prudent exceptions and the feasibility of using soft law system. This part uses text analysis. In the third part, under the condition that the GATS agreement has less restrictions on prudential exceptions, the provisions of the United States and the European Union on prudential exceptions in regional trade agreements are introduced, and through the analysis of the Chinese text and empirical aspects of the relevant agreements between the two regions, Compared with GATS Financial Annex, the research on the design of prudent exception system is more strict and advanced, which provides a useful reference for the improvement of prudential exception clause in GATS. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the prudential exception clause of the GATS Financial Annex, and through the analysis of the solutions to the problems raised in the first part, points out the possible development direction of the prudential exception clause in the future. It is pointed out that the connotation of prudent exception should be determined by regional or bilateral negotiation, the scheme of rationality test should be adopted in application, and the limitation of prudent exception should be realized step by step. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of using prudent exception clause in our country. On the basis of the above analysis, from the international and domestic levels, this paper puts forward that our country should base on the perfection of domestic prudential regulation, absorb the beneficial achievements of international soft law, and create a favorable domestic and foreign rule environment for the development of financial services in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.2
本文编号：2487372
[Abstract]:The prudential exception clause in GATS Financial Annex is very special, and its purpose is to balance the liberalization of financial services with the autonomy of domestic regulation of WTO members. However, because the financial sector covered by this provision is very sensitive, representatives of developing countries are reluctant to open up the field at this stage. The result of the struggle between the north and the south within the WTO is that. The legal status of the prudential exception clause goes beyond the general obligations and disciplines stipulated by the GATS and provides an excuse for members to lower the level of commitment, which members can use to set up trade barriers to the supervision of the domestic financial sector. This not only violates the purpose of WTO, hinders the liberalization of international financial industry, but also affects the steady development of financial market. After the outbreak of the financial crisis in the United States in 2008, the supervision of international financial industry has entered a new period. The international organizations represented by the Basle Banking Regulatory Committee have carried out new research on prudential supervision, and many financial regulatory results have emerged. Under this background, the study of prudent exception clause in GATS Financial Annex has practical theoretical and practical significance. This paper adopts the method of studying the prudential exception clause, which is divided into five parts: the first part can be divided into three parts. First of all, this paper makes a historical analysis of the negotiation background of the prudential exception clause and reveals the historical background of the formation of the clause. Secondly, it makes a text analysis of the final agreement text of the prudential exception clause, explaining the legal nature of the prudential exception clause. Finally, on this basis, the two defects of GATS prudent exception clause are extracted. The second part attempts to explore the limitation scheme of prudent exception clause from the text of GATS agreement. This paper first combs the substantive clauses that may have an impact on the prudential exception clause in the GATS agreement, including domestic regulation, general exceptions, market access and payment clauses, and draws the conclusion that the substantive clause has little restrictive effect on the prudential exception. This paper analyzes the recognition clause of GATS Financial Annex and the recognition clause of the body of GATS agreement, and limits the prudential exception clause from the procedural point of view. Combined with the authorization of recognition clause, this paper analyzes the influence of international financial soft law on the application of prudent exceptions and the feasibility of using soft law system. This part uses text analysis. In the third part, under the condition that the GATS agreement has less restrictions on prudential exceptions, the provisions of the United States and the European Union on prudential exceptions in regional trade agreements are introduced, and through the analysis of the Chinese text and empirical aspects of the relevant agreements between the two regions, Compared with GATS Financial Annex, the research on the design of prudent exception system is more strict and advanced, which provides a useful reference for the improvement of prudential exception clause in GATS. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the prudential exception clause of the GATS Financial Annex, and through the analysis of the solutions to the problems raised in the first part, points out the possible development direction of the prudential exception clause in the future. It is pointed out that the connotation of prudent exception should be determined by regional or bilateral negotiation, the scheme of rationality test should be adopted in application, and the limitation of prudent exception should be realized step by step. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of using prudent exception clause in our country. On the basis of the above analysis, from the international and domestic levels, this paper puts forward that our country should base on the perfection of domestic prudential regulation, absorb the beneficial achievements of international soft law, and create a favorable domestic and foreign rule environment for the development of financial services in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.2
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