论ICSID仲裁机制及完善
发布时间：2019-05-28 22:54
【摘要】：随着经济全球化和一体化的不断发展,国际投资日益成为世界经济舞台上最重要的角色之一。多年的实践证明,有闲置资本的发达国家和有资本缺口的发展中国家可以通过利用国际投资互通有无,取长补短,实现资本的优化配置。资金短缺的资本输入国利用国际投资促进经济和技术发展,资本输出者通过跨国投资,获得资金流动带来的收益。国际投资在给资本输出者和资本输入国两个微观个体带来积极经济效益的同时,在全球范围内推动了生产和资本的国际化,带动全世界生产力的大发展。 国际投资具有与经济利益密切相关的性质,所以国际投资在发挥积极效应的过程中不可避免的会带来各种矛盾。实践表明,外国投资者、东道国与投资者母国之间的摩擦时有发生。由于这种国际投资争端与普通的国际商事争端存在着很多不同之处,因此,不能简单地通过普通国际商事仲裁方式解决。在这种背景之下,为了协调国际投资领域争议双方的利益冲突,解决投资争议国际中心(International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,简称“中心”或ICSID)应运而生。ICSID的产生为外国投资者和东道国之间投资争端解决提供了一种专门化、效率化的途径。ICSID自1966年开始投入运作, 20世纪90年代后,受理的国际投资争端案件数量急剧上升,在协调外国投资者私人利益与东道国国家利益的平衡关系上发挥着不可替代的作用.但随着实践的深入,ICSID仲裁机制本身逐渐暴露出了许多问题。在当前国际投资自由化的大背景下,ICSID仲裁机制越来越被广泛地运用在解决因日益增多的国际投资所带来的各种争端中,如何有效发挥ICSID仲裁机制自身固有的优势,改善不足,不仅仅是ICSID自身改革的重点,也是各国学者研究关注的焦点。本文从ICSID仲裁机制设置的目的出发,从仲裁的管辖权,法律适用,裁决的撤销,裁决的承认和执行等方面分析了ICSID仲裁机制的基本框架。在ICSID仲裁机制的基本框架内,将ICSID仲裁机制与其他普通国际商事仲裁方式进行比较,总结异同,分析优劣。结合现实,重点剖析ICSID仲裁机制因实践发展暴露出的种种缺陷:仲裁权不断扩大导致仲裁裁决不一致,外部监督机制的缺失,仲裁员倾向于保护外国私人投资者的利益忽视东道国国家的公共利益,严格保密原则导致仲裁公信力不足等问题。针对上述种种缺陷,本文提出了改善ICSID仲裁机制的建议,包括建立合并仲裁制度,增加外部监督机制,平衡仲裁庭中发达国家和发展中国家仲裁员的数量以扭转过度保护私人投资者利益的现状,区分仲裁程序所处的不同阶段采取不同程度保密等措施。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic globalization and integration, international investment has increasingly become one of the most important roles on the world economic stage. Many years of practice have proved that developed countries with idle capital and developing countries with capital gaps can make use of international investment to learn from each other and make up for their weaknesses to achieve the optimal allocation of capital. Capital importing countries with shortage of funds use international investment to promote economic and technological development, and capital exporters obtain the benefits of capital flow through transnational investment. International investment not only brings positive economic benefits to two micro-individuals of capital exporters and capital importing countries, but also promotes the internationalization of production and capital on a global scale, and drives the great development of productive forces all over the world. International investment is closely related to economic interests, so international investment will inevitably bring all kinds of contradictions in the process of playing a positive effect. Practice shows that frictions between foreign investors, host countries and home countries of investors occur from time to time. Because there are many differences between this kind of international investment dispute and ordinary international commercial dispute, it can not be solved simply by ordinary international commercial arbitration. In this context, in order to coordinate the conflict of interest between the two sides in the field of international investment, the International Centre for the settlement of Investment disputes (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,) The emergence of ICSID provides a specialized and efficient way for the settlement of investment disputes between foreign investors and host countries. ICSID has been in operation since 1966, and after the 1990s, The number of international investment disputes accepted has risen sharply, which plays an irreplaceable role in coordinating the balance between the private interests of foreign investors and the national interests of the host country. However, with the deepening of practice, ICSID arbitration mechanism itself has gradually exposed many problems. Under the background of current liberalization of international investment, ICSID arbitration mechanism is more and more widely used to solve all kinds of disputes caused by increasing international investment. How to give full play to the inherent advantages of ICSID arbitration mechanism and improve it is insufficient. It is not only the focus of ICSID's own reform, but also the focus of scholars all over the world. Starting from the purpose of setting up ICSID arbitration mechanism, this paper analyzes the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism from the aspects of jurisdiction, application of law, cancellation of award, recognition and enforcement of award, etc. Within the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism, the ICSID arbitration mechanism is compared with other ordinary international commercial arbitration methods, the similarities and differences are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Combined with reality, this paper focuses on the defects of ICSID arbitration mechanism due to the development of practice: the continuous expansion of arbitration power leads to the inconsistency of arbitral awards, and the lack of external supervision mechanism. Arbitrators tend to protect the interests of foreign private investors and ignore the public interests of the host country. The principle of strict confidentiality leads to the lack of credibility of arbitration. In view of the above defects, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ICSID arbitration mechanism, including the establishment of a consolidated arbitration system and the addition of an external supervision mechanism. Balance the number of arbitrators in developed and developing countries in order to reverse the status quo of excessive protection of the interests of private investors, distinguish between different stages of arbitration proceedings to take different degrees of confidentiality and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.4
本文编号：2487427
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic globalization and integration, international investment has increasingly become one of the most important roles on the world economic stage. Many years of practice have proved that developed countries with idle capital and developing countries with capital gaps can make use of international investment to learn from each other and make up for their weaknesses to achieve the optimal allocation of capital. Capital importing countries with shortage of funds use international investment to promote economic and technological development, and capital exporters obtain the benefits of capital flow through transnational investment. International investment not only brings positive economic benefits to two micro-individuals of capital exporters and capital importing countries, but also promotes the internationalization of production and capital on a global scale, and drives the great development of productive forces all over the world. International investment is closely related to economic interests, so international investment will inevitably bring all kinds of contradictions in the process of playing a positive effect. Practice shows that frictions between foreign investors, host countries and home countries of investors occur from time to time. Because there are many differences between this kind of international investment dispute and ordinary international commercial dispute, it can not be solved simply by ordinary international commercial arbitration. In this context, in order to coordinate the conflict of interest between the two sides in the field of international investment, the International Centre for the settlement of Investment disputes (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,) The emergence of ICSID provides a specialized and efficient way for the settlement of investment disputes between foreign investors and host countries. ICSID has been in operation since 1966, and after the 1990s, The number of international investment disputes accepted has risen sharply, which plays an irreplaceable role in coordinating the balance between the private interests of foreign investors and the national interests of the host country. However, with the deepening of practice, ICSID arbitration mechanism itself has gradually exposed many problems. Under the background of current liberalization of international investment, ICSID arbitration mechanism is more and more widely used to solve all kinds of disputes caused by increasing international investment. How to give full play to the inherent advantages of ICSID arbitration mechanism and improve it is insufficient. It is not only the focus of ICSID's own reform, but also the focus of scholars all over the world. Starting from the purpose of setting up ICSID arbitration mechanism, this paper analyzes the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism from the aspects of jurisdiction, application of law, cancellation of award, recognition and enforcement of award, etc. Within the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism, the ICSID arbitration mechanism is compared with other ordinary international commercial arbitration methods, the similarities and differences are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Combined with reality, this paper focuses on the defects of ICSID arbitration mechanism due to the development of practice: the continuous expansion of arbitration power leads to the inconsistency of arbitral awards, and the lack of external supervision mechanism. Arbitrators tend to protect the interests of foreign private investors and ignore the public interests of the host country. The principle of strict confidentiality leads to the lack of credibility of arbitration. In view of the above defects, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ICSID arbitration mechanism, including the establishment of a consolidated arbitration system and the addition of an external supervision mechanism. Balance the number of arbitrators in developed and developing countries in order to reverse the status quo of excessive protection of the interests of private investors, distinguish between different stages of arbitration proceedings to take different degrees of confidentiality and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.4
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