北极治理模式研究

发布时间：2019-06-16 18:05

【摘要】：随着全球变暖的加剧，北极成为了国际社会的焦点所在，北极治理也成为了国际社会关注的重要议事日程。北极事务能否得到妥善解决，不仅关系到北极地区的稳定，而且与世界的稳定和发展也具有密切联系。因此，北极治理的研究具有重要的学理价值和现实意义。本文从北极治理的现状出发，试图厘清北极事务的本质，把握北极治理的脉络，揭示北极治理的主要特点，并借此提出了国际公共事务的“自主治理”模式。本文对以往的研究成果进行了简要的梳理，发现现有的北极治理研究大都着眼于北极问题的解决，是基于北极治理缺陷提出的某种设想，并未就北极治理体系进行多层次的分析，且很少对北极治理的实际特点进行归纳。本文对北极治理全球、多边、双边层次的互动实践进行较为全面、客观的梳理，结合北极治理中最重要的行为体——北极国家在本国北极战略、共同宣言、相关文件以及实践中表现出的最新态度与动向，力争将北极治理结构的“实然”特点完整地展现出来。本文通过研究发现，在国际层面上，北极治理存在着某种程度上的制度缺失，并不存在《北极条约》之类的专门针对北极的顶层制度设计，《联合国海洋法公约》也只是为北极治理提供了一个原则性的框架。就多边与双边层面而言，北极国家以北极理事会为平台，就北极治理展开了积极的实践。北极五国通过北冰洋外长会议就北极政策进行协调。北极国家力图通过规则的制定将区域外行为体排除在北极治理的进程之外。在多边的框架下，北极国家内部就相关问题的解决进行了积极的尝试。北极国家间的互动取得了一系列重要的成果。基于以上分析，本文对北极治理的特点进行了归纳，并得出北极治理呈现出“外部排他，内部协商”特征的论断。针对北极治理的特点，本文进一步从规模、利益、权力和规范四个变量角度出发对北极治理模式进行了分析，，并发现现有的国际关系区域治理理论无法对其进行很好的解释。在进行可行性分析之后，本文借鉴了政治经济学的相关理论，引入了“自主治理”这一概念，并加入了社会学的内涵，使之能更加符合北极治理的具体特征，对国际公共事务治理提出了新的设想。“自主治理”是指国际事务的相关行为体（主权国家）在没有外部力量介入（或外部作用为零）的情况下对事务的自我治理，是通过自主协商等互动进而实现集体选择的社会实践过程。“自主治理”具有社会性、实践性和过程性三个重要特征。就理论方面而言，本文对北极事务的治理进行了较为深入的探讨与分析，对北极治理体系从全球、多边、双边三个层面进行了梳理，对其特点进行了总结，在一定意义上拓宽了现有北极治理研究的范围，丰富了研究的相关内容。在总结北极治理体系特点的基础上，本文借鉴了经济学的相关理论，提出了国际事务治理的一种新模式——“自主治理”模式。虽然这一模式目前仅是一种设想，其科学性还有待于进一步的验证，但在一定程度上丰富了国际治理的相关理论，并为其他国际事务的处理提供可借鉴的范例。就现实意义而言，本文通过对北极治理的全面梳理与系统分析，对北极治理的特点做出了较为科学的总结，有利于北极事务的良性推动，对中国北极战略的制定具有一定的参考意义，并为类似国际事务的处理提供了一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the increase of global warming, the Arctic has become the focus of the international community, and the Arctic governance has also become an important agenda of the international community's attention. Whether the Arctic affairs can be properly solved, not only is the stability of the Arctic region, but also has a close connection with the stability and development of the world. Therefore, the research of the Arctic governance is of great value and practical significance. This paper, from the current situation of the Arctic governance, tries to clarify the essence of the Arctic affairs, to grasp the process of the Arctic governance, to reveal the main characteristics of the Arctic governance, and to put forward the "self-governance" model of the international public affairs. This paper has made a brief review of the previous research results, and found that the existing research on the Arctic governance is mostly focused on the problem of the Arctic, and is based on some ideas put forward by the defects of the Arctic, and has not been multi-level in the Arctic governance system. Analysis, and few of the actual characteristics of the Arctic governance This paper summarizes the interaction practice of the global, multilateral and bilateral level in the Arctic, and combines the most important actors in the Arctic governance with the latest attitude shown in the national Arctic strategy, the common declaration, the relevant documents and the practice. The "real" of the Arctic governance structure is to be presented in a complete manner. The study found that, at the international level, there is a certain degree of system loss in the Arctic governance, and there is no North Pole such as the North Pole Treaty. The design of the system, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the provision of an original for Arctic governance The framework for sexuality. As far as the multilateral and bilateral dimensions are concerned, the Arctic is on the platform of the Arctic Council and is being developed in the Arctic A positive practice. The Arctic five countries, through the Arctic Foreign Minister's meeting, on the Arctic The Arctic states are trying to rule out the exclusion of extraregional actors from the Arctic In addition to the process of the multilateral framework, the interior of the Arctic has been addressed within the Arctic. A series of positive attempts. The interaction between the North and the Arctic has made a series of Based on the above analysis, this paper sums up the characteristics of the Arctic governance, and concludes that the Arctic governance has a "trunk>" external exclusivity, internal control " In view of the characteristics of the Arctic governance, this paper further analyzes the Arctic governance model from the four variable angles of scale, interest, power and standard, and finds that the existing international relations regional governance theory can't be After carrying out the feasibility analysis, this paper uses the relevant theory of political economy, introduces the concept of "self-governance", and adds the connotation of sociology to make it more consistent with the specific characteristics of the Arctic governance and to the international public affairs. The "self-governance" refers to the self-governance of the affairs under the condition that the relevant actors (sovereign states) of international affairs have no external force intervention (or the external role is zero), and the collective election is realized through the interaction of independent negotiation and so on. The process of social practice of choice. The "self-governance" has social, practical and over-the-art In terms of the theory, this paper makes an in-depth study and analysis of the governance of the Arctic affairs, and then makes a summary of the characteristics of the Arctic governance system from the three aspects of global, multilateral and bilateral, and widens in some sense. Scope of existing Arctic governance studies On the basis of summarizing the characteristics of the Arctic governance system, this paper, based on the summarization of the characteristics of the Arctic governance system, draws on the relevant theories of economics, and puts forward a new model of international affairs governance. "ce" mode. Although this mode is currently only one scenario, its scientific nature needs to be further verified, but in a certain degree the relevant theory of international governance is enriched, and other international affairs For the practical significance, this paper makes a scientific summary of the characteristics of the Arctic governance by means of a thorough combing and systematic analysis of the Arctic governance, which is conducive to the benign development of the Arctic affairs and to the North Pole of China. The development of strategy has a certain reference meaning, and it is a similar country
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5

【引证文献】