南非工伤保险法律制度研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 16:10

【摘要】：南非的工伤保险法律制度起步较早，在1914年就颁布了第一部《劳工补偿法》，1930年实现了从雇主责任保险制到工伤社会保险制的转变。南非工伤保险法律制度主要包括工伤补偿、工伤康复、工伤预防三方面的内容，，相关的立法主要包括：1993年《工伤与职业病补偿法》（第130号）、1993年《职业卫生与安全法》（第85号）和1996年《矿业卫生与安全法》（第29号），该文主要以工伤补偿为重点研究内容。南非工伤保险的实体性法律制度内容丰富充实，主要介绍和分析了工伤保险待遇、工伤保险基金、工伤康复与预防等问题。南非对工伤采用广义定义，包括工伤事故和职业病两部分。工伤保险待遇主要分为三大类：因工致残待遇、因工死亡待遇、工伤医疗待遇，其中因工致残待遇根据雇员伤残等级的不同而设定了不同的待遇标准；因工死亡待遇中工亡雇员的供养亲属范围广泛，配偶再婚者可继续享受抚恤金；工伤医疗待遇包括运送工伤雇员的交通费用。文章通过对Jooste v Score Supermarket Trading (Pty) Ltd和Jiya v Durban roodepoortDeep Ltd两个案例的分析，剖析了在工伤保险待遇与雇主民事赔偿责任竞合时，南非适用全面替代模式的合宪性以及保留伤残雇员民事损害赔偿权的可能性。南非的工伤保险经办机构包括补偿基金委员会、互助协会（兰特互助保险有限责任公司和雇主互助保险协会联合会），补偿基金主要是通过雇主缴纳的强制性评估费而筹集的，并运用奖惩结合的行业费率和浮动费率来调整雇主的评估费用，以保证基金收支的平衡和促进工伤预防。另外，通过《职业卫生与安全法》和《矿业卫生与安全法》两部法律来保障工伤康复与预防事业的发展。程序性法律制度主要介绍工伤保险待遇相关的程序、争议处理机制和监督管理机构。南非工伤保险的完整程序为：申请工伤认定—申请补偿—受理申请—核发工伤保险待遇—先异议后上诉，其中临时法庭负责对异议的处理。监督管理模式采用政府指定中央部门（劳动部门和卫生部门）监督，并依靠补偿委员会的管理方式。该文在每一章节后运用对比分析法，比较了南非工伤保险法律制度与中国的异同，并在全文最后运用逻辑分析法从宏观上评价了南非的工伤保险法律制度。
[Abstract]:The legal system of industrial injury insurance in South Africa started early. The first Labor compensation Law was promulgated in 1914, and the transformation from employer liability insurance system to industrial injury social insurance system was realized in 1930. The legal system of industrial injury insurance in South Africa mainly includes three aspects: industrial injury compensation, industrial injury rehabilitation and industrial injury prevention. The relevant legislation mainly includes the Industrial injury and Occupational Disease compensation Act of 1993 (No. 130), the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993 (No. 85) and the Mining Health and Safety Act of 1996 (No. 29). This paper mainly focuses on industrial injury compensation. The substantive legal system of industrial injury insurance in South Africa is rich and substantial. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the treatment of industrial injury insurance, industrial injury insurance fund, industrial injury rehabilitation and prevention and so on. South Africa uses a broad definition of industrial injury, including industrial accidents and occupational diseases. The treatment of industrial injury insurance is mainly divided into three categories: work-related disability treatment, work-related death treatment, industrial injury medical treatment, in which the work-related disability treatment sets different treatment standards according to the different disability grades of employees; in the work-related death treatment, the dependent relatives of employees who die at work are widely covered, and those who remarry can continue to enjoy pensions; industrial injury medical treatment includes the transportation expenses of industrial-injury employees. Based on the analysis of Jooste v Score Supermarket Trading (Pty) Ltd and Jiya v Durban roodepoortDeep Ltd cases, this paper analyzes the constitutionality of the comprehensive substitution model applied in South Africa and the possibility of retaining the civil damages right of disabled employees when the treatment of industrial injury insurance and the civil liability of employers compete. The industrial injury insurance agencies in South Africa include the compensation Fund Committee, the Mutual Assistance Association (Rand Mutual Insurance Co., Ltd. And the Federation of employers' Mutual Insurance Associations). The compensation fund is mainly raised through the mandatory assessment fee paid by the employer, and the employer's evaluation fee is adjusted by using the industry rate and floating rate of the combination of rewards and punishments to ensure the balance of income and expenditure of the fund and promote the prevention of industrial injury. In addition, the occupational health and safety law and mining health and safety law are adopted to ensure the development of industrial injury rehabilitation and prevention. The procedural legal system mainly introduces the procedures related to the treatment of industrial injury insurance, dispute settlement mechanism and supervision and management bodies. The complete procedures for industrial injury insurance in South Africa are: application for industrial injury identification-application for compensation-acceptance of application for approval of industrial injury insurance treatment-first objection and then appeal, in which the interim court is responsible for handling the objection. The supervision and management mode adopts the supervision of the central department (labor department and health department) appointed by the government and relies on the management mode of the compensation committee. After each chapter, this paper compares the similarities and differences between the legal system of industrial injury insurance in South Africa and China, and finally evaluates the legal system of industrial injury insurance in South Africa from a macro point of view by using logical analysis.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997

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