欧盟国家援助法律制度研究

发布时间：2019-07-02 12:03

【摘要】：欧盟的国家援助法律制度具有独特的特点。本文以《欧盟条约》为基本,注重结合欧盟法院的经典和最新案例,以及国内外学者对此问题的现有研究成果,对欧盟国家援助法律制度进行了比较全面的介绍分析,重点分析了欧盟国家援助法律制度的几个主要内容,如国家援助的定义、要素、基本形式、法理分析、基本实体法和程序法规制、具体规制,与WTO补贴与反补贴制度的关系以及其改革与新发展等。本文第一章为欧盟国家援助的概述。所谓国家援助,与补贴有很大的相似之处,简单来说就是欧盟成员国利用国家财源对某些企业或产品的各种援助。其要素可以分解为优惠性,国家性,特定性,扭曲或威胁扭曲竞争,影响成员国之间的贸易。国家援助的基本方式有直接授予、减免、优惠条款、担保以及股权。欧盟国家援助法律制度属于欧盟竞争法的范畴,并且应当在具有非常独特的法律地位。第二章从实体法和程序法两个方面,介绍了欧盟国家援助法律制度的基本法律规制。在实体法方面,除一般意义上的国家援助,作为例外情况,欧盟还规定了允许的和可能允许的国家援助。这些例外情况通常涉及到紧急情况或特殊区域。在程序法方面,欧盟委员会作为国家援助的主要执法机关,全面参与到现有国家援助的审查程序,新国家援助的通告和初步审查程序,正式调查程序,诉讼程序和违法援助追回程序,表现出了较高的行政效率。欧盟理事会并不经常参与到国家援助审查程序中。欧盟法院在诉讼中扮演最终裁决者的角色,并且实际上,国家援助的诸多细节问题都是通过欧盟法院的裁决得到回答。笫三章按照水平规制和部门规制的分类,进一步选择性地介绍了欧盟国家援助法律制度的具体法律规制,这些规定是在基本规制的基础上,进一步适用于具体援助。第四章首先简要介绍了WTO补贴与反补贴规则的基本内容,然后将欧盟国家援助制度与WTO补贴与反补贴规则进行了比较,国家援助与补贴本身并不是包含与被包含的关系,而是有相互重合之处。本文还提出并分析了欧盟国家援助受到欧盟法律和WTO规则双重规制的观点,并且辅以一个WTO典型案例,即美国诉欧盟空中客车案,加以说明。第五章介绍了欧盟国家援助法律制度的改革和新发展,包括欧盟国家援助改革的行动计划以及在2008年金融危机中欧盟国家援助法律制度的一些特别规定。
[Abstract]:The legal system of national aid in the European Union has unique characteristics. Based on the EU Treaty, this paper focuses on the classic and latest cases of the European Court of Justice, as well as the existing research results of domestic and foreign scholars on this issue, and makes a more comprehensive introduction and analysis of the EU national aid legal system, focusing on several main contents of the EU national aid legal system, such as the definition, elements, basic forms, legal analysis, basic substantive law and procedural laws and regulations of the EU State Aid legal system. Specific regulation, and the relationship between WTO subsidy and countervailing system, as well as its reform and new development. The first chapter of this paper is an overview of EU country assistance. The so-called state aid is very similar to subsidies, in short, EU member states use national financial resources to provide assistance to certain enterprises or products. Its elements can be broken down into preferential, national, specific, distorting or threatening to distort competition and affect trade between member countries. The basic ways of state assistance are direct grant, remission, preferential terms, guarantees and equity. EU national aid legal system belongs to the scope of EU competition law, and should have a very unique legal status. The second chapter introduces the basic legal regulation of EU state aid legal system from two aspects of substantive law and procedural law. In terms of substantive law, in addition to state assistance in the general sense, the European Union, on an exceptional basis, provides for permissible and possible State assistance. These exceptions usually involve emergencies or special areas. In the aspect of procedural law, the European Commission, as the main law enforcement agency of state assistance, has fully participated in the existing examination procedure of state assistance, the circular and preliminary examination procedure of new state assistance, the formal investigation procedure, the litigation procedure and the recovery procedure of illegal assistance, which has shown high administrative efficiency. The Council of the European Union is not often involved in the country aid review process. The European Court of Justice plays the role of final adjudicator in the proceedings, and in fact, many of the details of state aid have been answered through the decisions of the European Court of Justice. According to the classification of horizontal regulation and departmental regulation, the third chapter further introduces the specific legal regulation of EU national aid legal system, which is further applicable to specific aid on the basis of basic regulation. The fourth chapter first briefly introduces the basic contents of WTO subsidy and countervailing rules, and then compares the EU state aid system with WTO subsidy and countervailing rules. State aid and subsidy itself are not the relationship between inclusion and inclusion, but overlap with each other. This paper also puts forward and analyzes the viewpoint that EU state aid is regulated by EU law and WTO rules, and is supplemented by a typical case of WTO, that is, the United States v. EU Airbus case. The fifth chapter introduces the reform and new development of EU country aid legal system, including the action plan of EU country aid reform and some special provisions of EU state aid legal system during the 2008 financial crisis.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996

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