合同无效后果中的不当得利研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 07:39

本文关键词：合同无效后果中的不当得利研究　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：发展经济仍然是当今各国的首要任务和目标,社会经济的发展很大程度上取决于交易的完成,而交易则以合同的订立和履行为前提。合同无效便不能发生当事人订立合同时所期待实现的结果,当事人的状态又恢复到订立合同之前,交易不能完成,阻碍经济发展。合同无效认定的相关规定的宽泛也给法官的审判工作带来了困难,不同法官由于主观因素对于同一案件的判决可能不同；另一方面,合同无效也成为律师为自己当事人逃避违约责任的手段,引起司法实践中的混乱。合同我国合同法仅仅规定合同无效的法律后果之一为返还财产,但返还财产的性质认定存在着理论上的争议,存在“物权请求权说”,“不当得利请求权说”及“竞合说”。本文主张返还财产是竞合性的权利,不当得利请求权也是性质独立的请求权,文章也在此基础上做出的论述。此外,财产应如何返还,返还的客体和范围,返还义务人的范围,权利人行使权利是否存在抗辩事由等一系列实务问题,都因为立法的粗糙和简陋而缺乏可操作性。本文提出合理的完善建议,使法律规定的体系更和谐。在世界范围内,英美法系的国家,合同、侵权与不当得利制度已经成为现代民法的三大基石,大陆法系的国家中也得到了应有的重视,而我国对这些民法中的传统而重要的制度的研究却是相当欠缺的,论文等内容多为十年前做出的研究,而近十年几乎为空白,很少有所涉猎,专著数量也很有限。有限的资源主要集中研究一些“热门”或“前卫”的课题。本文则把合同无效以及不当得利制度结合,对比国内外的立法现状,在合同无效视角下阐述不当得利的相关问题,即合同无效时不当得利请求权如何行使进行论述,提出完善建议,从而通过该制度使合同无效得以很好的解决。
[Abstract]:The development of economy is still the primary task and goal of all countries. The development of social economy depends largely on the completion of transactions, and the transaction is based on the premise of contract formation and action. If a contract is void, it cannot happen when the parties conclude the contract, and the state of the party is resumed until the contract is concluded, so the transaction cannot be completed and impede the economic development. Relevant provisions of the contract is null and void, the broad to the judge's judicial work is difficult, due to different judges subjective factors for the same decision may be different; on the other hand, the contract is invalid also become lawyers evade liability for breach of contract means for their own parties, causing confusion in judicial practice. The contract law of China only stipulates that one of the legal consequences of the invalidity of contract is to return the property, but there is a theoretical controversy about the nature of the returned property. There are "claims for real rights", "unjust enrichment claims" and "Co opetition". This article claims that the return of property is the right of concurrence, and the claim of unjust enrichment is also the right of independence, and the article is also discussed on the basis of this article. In addition, a series of practical problems such as how to return the property, return the object and scope, return the scope of the obligor, and whether the right holder exercise rights, or whether there are reasons for the defense, are all lack of operability because of the rough and crude legislation. This paper puts forward reasonable suggestions to make the system more harmonious.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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