《劳动合同法》第4条“平等协商确定”的再解读——基于劳动规章制度的中德比较

发布时间：2018-01-21 11:58

本文关键词： 规章制度个体自治集体自治民主程序职工参与参与程度　出处：《华东政法大学学报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：德国立法者历经一个世纪,将个体自治下"资方单独制定"的劳动规则打造为集体自治下"劳资共同制定"的企业职能部门协议。与德国法相同,我国劳动规章制度的立法沿革亦呈现了由个体自治向集体自治发展的轨迹。现阶段,《劳动合同法》第4条虽将规章制度定位为个体自治层面调整劳动条件的制度,但"平等协商确定"又体现出规章制度向集体自治层面调整机制发展的可能。此"模棱两可"的立法引发了"资方单决"还是"劳资共决"的无尽纷争。为此,我国立法者将来应借鉴德国成熟的立法经验,在严格区分个体自治和集体自治这两种劳动条件调整机制的基础上,选定集体自治立法模式,围绕制定程序、调整内容和法律效力,对规章制度进行严格缜密的制度设计,方能使其在集体自治层面切实平衡劳资利益,既可便于资方借助劳方集体同意取代个别同意来统一制定变更劳动条件,也可确保劳方通过集体自治重建平等地位来有效防御资方单独制定规章制度的侵害。
[Abstract]:After a century, the German legislator has made the labor rules under individual autonomy "the management independently" into the enterprise functional department agreement of "collective autonomy", which is the same as the German law. The legislative evolution of labor rules and regulations of our country also presents the track of development from individual autonomy to collective autonomy. Article 4 of the Labor contract Law defines the rules and regulations as the system of adjusting the working conditions at the level of individual autonomy. However, "equal consultation and determination" reflects the possibility of the development of regulation and regulation to the level of collective autonomy. This "ambiguous" legislation has led to endless disputes between "management single decision" or "collective decision". In the future, the legislator of our country should draw lessons from the mature legislative experience of Germany and choose the legislative model of collective autonomy on the basis of strictly distinguishing the adjustment mechanism of individual autonomy and collective autonomy. Only by adjusting the content and the legal effect, and carrying on strict and careful system design to the rules and regulations, can we balance the interests of labor and capital on the level of collective autonomy. It is not only convenient for employers to use collective labor agreement to replace individual consent to make changes in labor conditions, but also can ensure that workers can effectively protect themselves from the infringement of individual rules and regulations by rebuilding equal status through collective autonomy.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【基金】：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“劳动规章制度的内容审查研究”(项目号2016EFX002) 司法部国家法治与法学理论研究中青年课题“劳动规章争议条款的司法审查研究”(项目号15SFB3029) 上海市浦江人才计划项目“离职竞业禁止制度比较研究——基于司法判决的整理与分析”(项目号14PJC075)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D922.52;D951.6;DD912.5
【正文快照】： 目　次一、德国劳动规章制度的“前世今生”二、我国劳动规章制度的“来龙去脉”三、德国劳动规章制度立法对我国的镜鉴四、代结语:处于个体自治与集体自治十字路口的我国劳动规章制度劳动规章制度[1](以下简称“规章制度”)是社会化大生产中企业普遍使用的劳动条件调整机制

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