论违约可得利益的认定

发布时间：2018-01-22 06:09

本文关键词： 可得利益法经济学效率认定　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国《合同法》及相关司法解释尽管明确应当赔偿违约可得利益，但在司法实践中，，可得利益赔偿范围的界定及赔偿的计算上存在诸多争议。有鉴于此，本文对违约可得利益的认定进行讨论，以期为司法实践提供帮助。除引言外，正文共分三个部分。第一部分主要论述违约可得利益的概念、特征及认定的指导原则。违约损害赔偿的范围应当包括两个部分：一是由于违约所造成的财产的减少及费用的增加；另一部分是如果合同履行，权利人预期所得利益。前者通常称为所受损失，亦称为固有利益损失，后者称为所失利益，即可得利益。可得利益的特点主要包括：一是假设性；二是相对确定性；三是财产性；四是增值性。可得利益规范的目的是填补损害、促进效率，其一般指导原则是完全赔偿。由于违约所生因果关系常常无限延伸，因此各国都采取某种措施或标准，将因果关系截断。本文亦引入法经济学的方法，从效率视角指导可得利益的认定。第二部分主要论述可得利益赔偿范围的界定规则。在基本界定规则中，主要利用法经济学方法对可预见性规则进行分析并与相当因果关系说进行对比，指出我国现有可预见性原则在预见时点及风险分配方面存在的不足。在其他界定规则中，亦运用法经济学的方法对与有过失规则、减轻损害规则及损益相抵规则进行讨论，论证现有规定在提升效率方面的合理性及改进意见。最后对我国相关界定规则分别从立法论与解释论两个方面提出建议：一是针对可预见性原则，我国未来修改合同法时，可以考虑规定对恶意违约人不受缔约时可预见范围的限制。从解释论的角度，由于现有“缔约时点说”的不足，对预见内容可以只要求预见到种类，而不要求具体数额，对恶意违约，可适当扩大预见范围，以保护守约方合理的可得利益。二是在违约方未收到风险的对价，且承担风险远远大于收益的情形下，即使被告知特别风险，亦不适用可预见性规则。在解释论的角度下，对风险对价极不相称的情况可以将预见范围限制于一般风险。第三部分主要论述违约可得利益的计算方法。其方法主要包括抽象的计算方法和具体的计算方法。在选择计算方法时，由于在双方订立合同时，就应当预计到市场风险，并在议价中体现，所以，正常波动的市场价格通常是可以被预见的，但是对于异常波动的市场价格，则需要考虑双方对风险的预见程度。当不存在市场价格或者市场价格无法填补时，便应考虑具体的计算方法。并针对可得利益的不同计算类型，提出市场替换法、历史比较法、行业标准法、对比法、违约方利益法、现金流量折现法几种主要的证明可得利益的具体法则。
[Abstract]:Although China's contract Law and related judicial interpretations clearly should compensate for the benefits of breach of contract, but in judicial practice, there are many disputes on the definition of the scope of compensation and the calculation of compensation. This paper discusses the determination of the benefits of breach of contract in order to provide help for judicial practice. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses the concept of the benefits of breach of contract. The scope of damages for breach of contract should include two parts: one is the reduction of property caused by breach of contract and the increase of expenses; The other part is that if the contract is performed, the obligee expects the benefit. The former is usually referred to as the loss of the loss, also known as the loss of inherent interests, and the latter is called the lost interest. The characteristics of available interests include: first, hypothetical; Second, relative certainty; Third, property; Fourth, value-added. The purpose of the norm of available interests is to fill the damage and promote efficiency, and its general guiding principle is full compensation. The causal relationship arising from breach of contract is often extended indefinitely. Therefore, all countries adopt some measures or standards to cut off the causality. This paper also introduces the method of law and economics to guide the identification of the available benefits from the perspective of efficiency. The second part mainly discusses the definition rules of the scope of compensation for available interests. In the basic definition rules, it mainly uses the method of law and economics to analyze the rule of predictability and to compare it with the theory of equivalent causality. This paper points out the deficiency of the existing predictability principle in the aspect of anticipating time point and risk distribution. In other defining rules, it also uses the method of law and economics to deal with the fault rule. Mitigation rules and profit and loss offset rules are discussed. To demonstrate the rationality of the existing provisions in improving efficiency and suggestions. Finally, the relevant definition of the rules from the legislative theory and interpretation of two aspects of the recommendations: first, the principle of predictability. When amending contract law in the future, our country may consider the limitation of stipulation that the malicious defaulter is not subject to the foreseeable scope of contracting. From the angle of explanation theory, because of the deficiency of the existing "point of time theory". In order to protect the reasonable interests of the compliance party, the content of foresight can only be required to foresee the type, but not the specific amount, and the scope of foresight may be expanded appropriately to protect the reasonable interests of the compliance party. Second, the party in breach of contract has not received the consideration of the risk. And if the risk is far greater than the profit, even if the special risk is told, the rule of predictability is not applicable. A very disproportionate consideration of the risk may limit the foreseeable scope to the general risk. The third part mainly discusses the method of calculating the benefits of breach of contract. The method mainly includes abstract calculation method and concrete calculation method. Market risk should be predicted and reflected in the bargaining, so that normally fluctuating market prices are usually predictable, but for unusually volatile market prices. When there is no market price or the market price can not be filled, the specific calculation method should be considered. Market substitution, historical comparison, industry standard, contrast, breaching party interest and cash flow discounting are the main methods to prove the available benefits.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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