论不真正无因管理制度在我国的构建

发布时间：2018-01-31 06:41

本文关键词： 债法无因管理不真正无因管理　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明知道自己无权处理而将他人的事务作为自己事务务进行管理并获得额外收益的行为在社会生活中普遍存在。在此种行为中,根据传统的调整方式如侵权法、不当得利制度以及合同法,受害人都只能请求管理人赔偿其实际损失,对于超出实际损失的额外收益无权请求其返还。由此而产生的后果是受害人的权利得不到保障,社会的公平正义也难以实现。对此,德国民法构建了不真正无因管理制度,通过类推适用无因管理制度的收益返还规则,由管理人将全部管理所得返还给受害人,由受害人支付管理人因管理所生的必要或有益费用,从而有效的平衡了受害人与管理人之问的利益,维护了社会秩序。瑞士债法和我国台湾地区民法也借鉴了德国民法的这一做法。日本民法虽然没有明文规定不真正无因管理制度,但在其民法学界中,恶意处分他人之物而获额外价值时,受害人可主张全部利得之返还的观点已成为通说。英美法系国家没有传统的债法体系,没有无因管理制度,其对上述行为的调整是利用返还法来解决的,通过援引“放弃侵权行为之诉”,让被告把他从对原告所做的不法行为受领的钱全部交还给原告。我国作为传统的大陆法系国家,可以借鉴德古、瑞士以及我国台湾地区的做法,构建不真正无因管理制度。我国构建不真正无因管理制度有其价值追求,首先是基于对“任何人都不得从自己的错误行为中获利”这一原则的遵守,其次是基于对受害人权利进行全面救济的考虑,最后是基于对制裁不法行为人以维护社会秩序的考虑。我国构建不真正无因管理制度有其理论基础,“类推适用”为构建不真正无因管理制度提供了法学方法论上的技术支持,著作权法、专利法以及商标法等特别法上的相关规定也蕴含了不真正无因管理的制度理念。我国构建不真正无因管理制度还有其现实意义,能够弥补侵权法、不当得利制度以及合同法对上述行为调整不力的不足。我国的不真正无因管理制度主要是构建不真正无因管理的概念、不真正无因管理的构成要件以及不真正无因管理的法律效果这三个方面的内容。
[Abstract]:It is common in social life to manage the affairs of others as their own affairs knowing that they have no right to deal with them and to obtain additional benefits. In such acts, the traditional ways of adjustment, such as tort law, are common. Improper enrichment system and contract law, the victims can only ask the administrator to compensate their actual losses. There is no right to request the return of additional proceeds that exceed the actual loss. The consequence is that the rights of the victims are not guaranteed and social equity and justice are difficult to achieve. The German civil law has constructed the management system which is not true and has no cause. By analogy, it applies the return rules of the benefit of the management system, and the administrator returns all the management income to the victim. The victim pays for the necessary or beneficial expenses incurred by the administrator as a result of management, thus effectively balancing the interests of the victim and the administrator. The Swiss law of debt and the civil law of Taiwan also draw lessons from the practice of German civil law. Although the Japanese civil law does not explicitly stipulate that it is not truly without cause, but in its civil law circle. The idea that the victim can claim the return of all gains has become a common saying when the additional value is gained by maliciously disposing of other people's things. There is no traditional debt law system and no management system without cause in common law countries. Its adjustment to the above acts is solved by the law of return, by invoking the "waiver of tort action". As a traditional civil law country, our country can learn from the practices of Degu, Switzerland and Taiwan. It is based on the principle that "no one can profit from one's own wrong behavior", which is based on the value pursuit of the construction of non-real no-cause management system in our country, which is based on the principle of "no one can profit from one's own wrong behavior". Secondly, it is based on the consideration of comprehensive relief to the rights of the victims, and finally on the consideration of sanctioning wrongdoers in order to maintain social order. "analogy application" provides the technical support in the methodology of law for the construction of the management system which is not true and no cause, copyright law. Patent law and trademark law and other special laws on the relevant provisions of the system also contains the concept of non-real no-cause management. China has its practical significance to build a non-real non-cause management system can make up for the tort law. The improper enrichment system and the insufficient adjustment of the above behaviors in the contract law. The management system of our country is mainly to construct the concept of the unreal non-cause management. The elements of non-cause management and the legal effect of non-cause management.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

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