商人习惯法编纂理论初探

发布时间：2018-02-03 04:22

本文关键词： 新商人习惯法逐步编纂清单方式　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：商人习惯法产生于中世纪的商人法,是调整跨国商事关系的重要途径,是由商人们自己在商事实践中创造出来并逐渐得到国际社会承认的自治性法律。虽然经过了中世纪发展完善以及二十世纪的复兴,商人习惯法仍尚未形成自治完备的法律体系,但值得庆幸的是商人习惯法已经步入了编纂阶段。自上个世纪,比较法学家和一些私立机构为跨国合同法的统一做出了各方面的努力,其中很多项目对跨国合同法的统一产生了重要影响,并且加强了新商人习惯法的理论基础与新商人习惯法编纂趋势之间的重要联系。国际条约、国内立法、国际贸易惯例和仲裁实践都证明商人习惯法在调整跨国商事交易方面,发挥着十分重要的作用。随着国际社会依存度逐步提高以及跨国商业活动的增多,商人习惯法的适用范围变得更加广泛。因此，尽管在商人习惯法的多样性和传统编纂方法之间存在难以相容的困境,但为了更好地调整跨国商事关系促进全球经济的繁荣和稳定,找到合理的编纂新商人习惯法的方式和方法已迫在眉睫。本文首先从商人习惯法确定性角度,对商人习惯法的概念进行了研究。研究新商人习惯法的编纂,明确商人习惯法理论的主要内容。从实践角度出发,在大多数情况下商人习惯法要借助于国内法或其他法律渊源才能调整国际商事关系。通过对商人习惯法编纂历史和编纂项目的研究,其理论基础与编纂趋势之间联系的分析,以及对编纂主体的归纳,本文认为新商人习惯法编纂的有效途径是“逐步编纂”方法和清单方式,本文着重研究了商人习惯法编纂的清单方式。笔者认为清单不仅可以使新商人习惯法的内容获得比较现实的发展前景,也可填补理论探讨和实践生活之间的鸿沟；其制定毋需国内法那样严格的程序,可以为处理现代跨国商业交易纠纷提供及时有效的解决办法。在商人习惯法的编纂方面,我国尚处于初级阶段,没有制订成文商法,但是在少数法律规定和法律实践中体现初对商人习惯法的认可。随着我国经济实力的迅速增强,加入世贸组织后跨国商事活动更加频繁,依照传统的冲突法方法来调整国际商事关系的局限性日益凸显,本文认为这正体现了新商人习惯法编纂的紧迫性和重要性,我国应在尊重国内法和重视跨国纠纷解决实践的基础上,对商人习惯法进行调查和编纂。通过选择并实施新的编纂方法，在满足开放法律体系要求的同时,保证新商人习惯法理论在法律实践当中的可行性。本文认为编纂方法应当保证法律原则和规则事实上属于新商人习惯法,而不是停留在构成国际惯例或者贸易习惯的初级阶段。新商人习惯法制度性建设应当包括对国际法律实践的接纳,新的编纂方法应当包括对判例法和已经进行的起草实践的研究,实现新商人习惯法的广泛性和多元化,以有效调整跨国商事关系,为跨国经济提供良好的发展和运行环境。
[Abstract]:The merchant ' s customary law was created in the medieval merchant law . It was an important way to adjust the relationship of transnational business , which was created by the merchants themselves in the practice of commercial affairs and gradually gained the autonomy law recognized by the international community . Although the law system of self - government has not yet been formed through the consummation of the Middle Ages and the revival of the twentieth century , the customary law of businessman has not yet formed a complete legal system , but it is fortunate that the customary law of businessman has entered the stage of codification . Since the last century , the international treaties , domestic legislation , international trade practice and arbitration practice have proved that the customary law of merchants plays a very important role in the adjustment of transnational commercial transactions . This paper first studies the concept of merchant ' s customary law from the angle of certainty of merchant ' s customary law . It studies the compilation of new merchant ' s customary law and clarifies the main content of the theory of customary law of businessman . From the practical point of view , in most cases , the merchant ' s customary law is to adjust international commercial relations by means of domestic law or other legal sources . Based on the analysis of the relation between the compilation history and the compilation trend of merchant customary law , and the induction of compilation subject , this paper considers that the effective way of compiling the new businessman ' s customary law is " step - by - step codification " method and list mode . The author thinks that the list can not only make the content of the new merchant customary law more realistic , but also can fill the gap between theoretical discussion and practical life . With the rapid development of our country ' s economic strength , the international commercial activities are more frequent and the limitation of international commercial relations is becoming more frequent . This paper holds that this is a reflection of the urgency and importance of the codification of the customary law of the new merchant . In our country , we should investigate and compile the customary law of merchant in respect of the domestic law and the practice of international dispute settlement . The article thinks that the codification method should ensure that the law principles and rules are in fact belong to the new businessman ' s customary law , instead of staying in the primary stage of the international practice or trade habit . The new method of codification should include the study of the practice of international law . The new method should include the study of the case law and the drafting practice already carried out , so as to realize the universality and diversification of the customary law of the new businessman , so as to effectively adjust the relationship of transnational business and provide a good development and operation environment for the transnational economy .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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