有限责任公司实际出资人法律地位研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:09

本文关键词： 隐名投资实际出资人隐名代理被代理人身份不公开代理　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：投资人借用他人名义向公司投资的行为在实务中是一种普遍现象，由于我国目前欠缺对隐名投资相关法律关系的规制，致使现实中关于隐名投资的纠纷层出不穷。于2011年1月27日颁布，并从2011年2月16日起正式实施的《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国公司法若干问题的规定（三）》（以下简称为《公司法解释三》）就隐名投资问题做出了相应的规制。虽然《公司法解释三》的规定对于现实问题的解决大有裨益，但是实际出资人的概念以及内涵仍不明确，实际出资人的资格认定标准仍有所欠缺，实际出资人的问题仍没有根本解决。因此，本文认为，为了解决实际出资人法律地位问题，我们不妨借鉴英美法系代理制度中的隐名代理以及被代理人身份不公开的代理制度，并以我国《合同法》现有的代理制度为基础，综合运用公司法相关理论，，如有限责任公司股权转让制度以及公司法人格否认制度等等。具体内容如下：一为实际出资人的基本理论。首先定义了隐名投资者，本文认为虽然理论界将隐名投资者称为“隐名股东”，但是基于对现行法律的敬畏，隐名投资者应该被定义为“实际出资人”；其次详细阐述了实际出资人的主要特征；再次根据实际出资人意思表示的不同，其与名义股东之间的法律关系应当适用不同的法律规范；最后介绍了实际出资人在其他法域的规范和学说。二介绍了实际出资人的现实状态。首先，在理论界，针对实际出资人的法律地位问题主要有实质说、形式说以及折中说三种学说，但是这三种学说都有一定的缺陷；其次，本文主要对《公司法解释三》进行了详细的解读，并分析了该司法解释的不足。三为实际出资人相关法律实务问题的分析。首先对代持股协议的效力进行了认定，这是实际出资人股东资格认定的前提；其次，本文认为隐名投资的实际出资人特征与代理制度特征吻合，实际出资人在实践中面临的法律问题和英美法系相关代理制度所调整的权利义务关系相类似。因此，就我国现状而言，以英美法系代理制度为蓝本，结合我国已有代理理论可以对实际出资人与名义股东、公司其他股东以及公司外第三人的法律关系进行调整；最后，实际出资人如果对公司经营管理进行隐蔽的全面控制，其可能滥用自身支配地位，不当攫取公司利益，损害公司相关利害关系人的利益，所以本文认为，公司法人格否认制度应当适用于实际出资人。
[Abstract]:The behavior of investors to invest in companies in the name of others is a common phenomenon in practice, because of the lack of regulation on the legal relations related to anonymous investment in our country at present. Resulting in the reality of hidden investment disputes in endlessly. Issued in January 27th 2011, Since February 16th 2011, the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of the Company Law of the people's Republic of China (3) > (hereinafter referred to as "Company Law interpretation 3]) have made corresponding problems on anonymous investment. Although the provisions of the Company Law interpretation III are of great benefit to the solution of practical problems, However, the concept and connotation of the actual investor is still unclear, the qualification criteria of the actual investor are still lacking, and the problem of the actual investor is still not solved. Therefore, this paper argues that, in order to solve the legal status of the actual investor, We may draw lessons from the anonymous agency system in the Anglo-American legal system and the agent system in which the identity of the principal is not disclosed. Based on the existing agency system in contract Law of China, we can comprehensively apply the relevant theories of the Company Law. Such as limited liability company equity transfer system and corporate personality denial system and so on. The specific contents are as follows:. The first is the basic theory of the actual investor. Firstly, the author defines the dormant investor. Although the theorists call the dormant investor "dormant shareholder", it is based on the awe of the existing law. Anonymous investors should be defined as "actual investors". Secondly, the main characteristics of actual investors are described in detail. The legal relationship between it and its nominal shareholders should be governed by different legal norms. Finally, it introduces the norms and doctrines of actual investors in other jurisdictions. First of all, in the theoretical circle, there are three kinds of theories on the legal status of actual investors, namely, substantive theory, form theory and compromise theory, but all of these three theories have certain defects. In this paper, the interpretation of Company Law III is explained in detail, and the shortcomings of the judicial interpretation are analyzed. The third is the analysis of the relevant legal and practical issues of the actual investor. Firstly, the validity of the proxy shareholding agreement is determined, which is the premise of the shareholder qualification of the actual investor; secondly, This paper holds that the characteristics of the actual investors in anonymous investment are consistent with the characteristics of the agency system. The legal problems faced by the actual investors in practice are similar to the relationship between the rights and obligations regulated by the relevant agency systems in the Anglo-American legal system. As far as the present situation of our country is concerned, taking the agency system of Anglo-American law system as the model, and combining with the existing agency theory in our country, we can adjust the legal relationship between the actual investors and the nominal shareholders, other shareholders of the company and the third party outside the company. If the actual investor carries on the covert overall control over the company's management, it may abuse its dominant position, seize the interests of the company improperly, and harm the interests of the relevant stakeholders of the company. The system of denial of corporate personality should be applied to actual investors.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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