对我国保险人说明义务制度的反思和重构——兼评新《保险法》第17条

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:43

本文关键词： 保险人说明义务重构说明对象说明方式说明标准法律后果　出处：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)预印本》2010年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国保险人说明义务制度在实际适用的过程中屡屡被投保人滥用,成为投保人抗辩保险人合法利益的"万能事由"。在我国,该项制度的范畴仅指保险条款本身,其法理基础应是合同法对格式合同的规制原则。我国保险人说明义务制度需要重构,其基本思路是:说明对象为除"法定免责条款"之外的"权利义务条款"和"准权利义务条款";说明方式原则上为"口头和书面","约定免责条款"例外;说明标准在"主动说明"时为"一般理性人理解",而在"被动说明"时为"投保人理解";法律后果则为"该条款不订入保险合同"。新《保险法》第17条仍需要修正,在说明对象上应排除"法定免责条款",在说明方式上应增加对"被动说明"的法律规制,在法律后果上则应采用"不订入合同"规则。
[Abstract]:In the process of practical application of the obligation system of insurer's explanation in our country, it has been repeatedly abused by the policyholder, which has become the "universal cause" for the policyholder to defend the insurer's legitimate interests. In our country, the scope of this system only refers to the insurance clause itself. The legal basis should be the regulation principle of the contract law on the form contract, and the system of the insurer's obligation to explain in our country needs to be reconstructed. The basic ideas are as follows: the object of explanation is "right and obligation clause" and "quasi-right obligation clause" except "statutory exemption clause", the way of explanation is, in principle, "oral and written", "agreement exemption clause" exception; The standard of explanation is "understood by general rational person" when "active statement" and "understood by policy holder" when "passive statement"; the legal consequence is that "this clause is not entered into insurance contract". Article 17 of the new Insurance Law still needs to be amended. "statutory exemption clause" should be excluded from the object of explanation, the legal regulation of "passive explanation" should be added in the way of explanation, and the rule of "not entering into contract" should be adopted in the legal consequence.
【作者单位】：浙江大学光华法学院;
【分类号】：D922.284

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