论合同条款歧义解释及其解决途径

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:51

本文选题：合同条款　切入点：合同条款歧义　出处：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合同是商品经济发展的产物，合同内容通常是通过合同条款固定下来的，由于语言的多义性以及其他各种原因，出现合同条款歧义在所难免。因合同条款歧义引起的争议也是合同纠纷的常见原因，我国关于合同条款歧义解释在《合同法》中有些规定，但没有关于这方面的专门的法律规范，理论也较为空泛。鉴于此，本文以合同条款歧义解释及解决途径为题，探讨合同条款歧义解释的原则、方法，并对建立合同条款歧义解释的合理模式提出了一些自己的观点。本文第一章是合同条款概述，简述了合同条款的概念和法律特征，同时比较了合同条款歧义和合同漏洞的区别，合同条款歧义是对合同条款的语义出现了两种或两种以上的理解，合同漏洞是合同条款有所欠缺的所导致的情形，比较了合同条款歧义和合同漏洞产生原因，具体表现以及处理方法上的不同。在本章中还分析了合同条款歧义产生的原因，合同条款歧义的产生原因主要有三个，语言文字的多义性、主体认识能力的有限性和节约成本的需要。第二章本文对比了大陆法系和英美法系关于合同条款歧义解释的理论。大陆法系在合同条款歧义解释理论上存在着意思主义和表示主义的分歧，英美法系对合同条款歧义的解释经历了主观原则、客观原则和修正的客观原则三个阶段。第三章阐述了我国关于合同条款歧义解释的理论和实践，分别从我国关于合同条款歧义解释的立法规定和学界关于合同条款歧义的解释理论两方面进行了分析。我国没有专门关于合同条款歧义解释的法律规范，《合同法》所确定的合同条款歧义解释方法主要有：文义解释、整体解释、目的解释、习惯解释和诚信解释。学界关于合同条款歧义解释提出了公序良俗原则、公平原则、合同自由原则以及主客观相结合原则。《国际商事合同通则》和《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》也有类似规定。第四章是关于建立合同条款歧义解释合理模式的几点想法。首先本文对合同条款歧义解释主体进行了分析，强调了当事人作为合同条款歧义解释主体的合理性，当事人是合同的制定者，对于合同条款歧义的解释有着当然的主体资格；其次，对合同条款歧义的解释方法进行了排序，，认为文义解释是应该首先适用的，诚信解释是贯穿于整个解释过程中的；最后，提出了充分发挥专家学者在合同条款歧义解释中的作用，限制法官的自由裁量权的构想。
[Abstract]:The contract is the product of the development of the commodity economy. The content of the contract is usually fixed by the terms of the contract, due to the ambiguity of language and various other reasons. The disputes caused by the ambiguity of contract terms are also the common causes of contract disputes. In China, there are some provisions on the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms in the contract Law. However, there is no special legal norm in this field, and the theory is relatively general. In view of this, this paper discusses the principles and methods of the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms under the title of the interpretation and solution of the ambiguity of contract terms. It also puts forward some views on establishing a reasonable model for the interpretation of the ambiguity of contract terms. The first chapter of this paper is an overview of the terms of the contract, briefly describes the concept and legal characteristics of the terms of the contract, and at the same time compares the ambiguity of the terms of the contract and the differences between the loopholes of the contract. The ambiguity of contract clause is that there are two or more kinds of understanding to the meaning of contract clause, the contract loophole is the situation caused by the lack of contract clause, and the reason of contract clause ambiguity and contract loophole is compared. In this chapter, we also analyze the causes of the ambiguity of contract terms, there are three main reasons for the ambiguity of contract terms, the ambiguity of language and text, The limitation of the subject's cognitive ability and the need of cost saving. In the second chapter, the author compares the theories of civil law system and common law system on the interpretation of contract clause ambiguity. There are differences between idealism and expressionism in the theory of contract clause ambiguity interpretation in civil law system. The interpretation of contract clause ambiguity in Anglo-American law system has experienced three stages: subjective principle, objective principle and amended objective principle. The third chapter expounds the theory and practice of the ambiguous interpretation of contract terms in China. This paper analyzes the legislative provisions of the ambiguous interpretation of contract terms in China and the interpretation theories of the ambiguity of contract terms in academic circles. There is no legal norm on the interpretation of ambiguity in contract terms in China, < contract Law. > the methods of interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms are mainly as follows: interpretation of literal meaning, The academic circles put forward the principle of public order and good custom, the principle of fairness and the principle of public order and good practice in the interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms. The principle of freedom of contract and the principle of combination of subjectivity and objectivity. The General principles of International Commercial contracts and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods have similar provisions. Chapter 4th is about the establishment of a reasonable model of contract clause ambiguity interpretation. Firstly, this paper analyzes the subject of contract clause ambiguity interpretation and emphasizes the reasonableness of the parties as the subject of contract clause ambiguity interpretation. The parties are the makers of the contract, and have the right subject qualification for the interpretation of the ambiguity of the terms of the contract. Secondly, the interpretation methods of the ambiguity of the terms of the contract are sorted out, and it is considered that the interpretation of the meaning of the text should be applied first. Good faith interpretation runs through the whole process of interpretation; finally, it puts forward the idea of giving full play to the role of experts and scholars in the interpretation of ambiguity of contract terms and limiting the discretion of judges.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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