论合同中的期待利益

发布时间：2018-03-16 05:11

本文选题：期待利益　切入点：合同　出处：《河北经贸大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的不断发展，合同行为成了人们工作生活中常见的民事行为，相继而来的合同实现成为了人们关注的问题，保护当事人的利益是合同行为中的最终目的。当事人通过订立合同能够实现的利益由于一方的违约不能实现时，另一方当事人的利益也是应该得到保护和赔偿的，这就产生了“期待利益”的损害赔偿。1999年3月15日,我国在新颁布的《中华人民共和国合同法》(以下简称为《合同法》)首次以法律条文的形式对相关内容予以规定，理论界也掀起了研究的热潮。期待利益是指当事人在订立合同时期望从此交易中获得的各种利益的总和，包括合同履行后可以获得的利益和因违约而导致的现有财产的减损灭失。有关期待利益的研究是合同法上利益保护不可缺失的一部分，它是在原来合同利益保护上的补充，不仅可以实现当事人利益保护的全面性，还可以有效的促进合同的正常履行，维护良好的交易秩序。合同中的期待利益是近几年来新兴的利益名称，相关理论研究和具体制度的构建与实施都尚处于探索阶段。因此，如何建立和完善期待利益的相关法律制度，就成为了一个亟待研究的重要课题。全文共分为五部分：第一部分讨论合同中期待利益的一般问题。首先，通过研究两大法系和我国法律有关期待利益的法律和理论，以此为基础对期待利益的含义进行界定，并且都其特征进行分析，与其他概念进行辨析，以便更好的对期待利益有一个明确的理解。其次，分析了期待利益的理论基础，增强了论文的理论程度。最后，，从赔偿的本质、机会丧失和市场秩序三方面对期待利益赔偿的必要性进行分析，使得期待利益的赔偿有理有据。第二部分探讨了合同中期待利益的范围和计算。首先，叙述了合同中期待利益的范围；其次分析了期待利益的计算标准和方法。从主观和客观两个方面说明了在期待利益的赔偿的不同，然后提出了约定法、分析法和估算法，这是期待利益的具体计算方法，对每种具体的方法进行叙述；最后，在分析当前我国期待利益赔偿的现状，在以上计算方法的基础之上得出了综合计算法。第三部分分析了合同中有关期待利益的重要规则。完全赔偿规则是合同赔偿中比较普遍的规则，强调了期待利益保护的完整性；可预见性规则基于期待利益的本质特征，着重阐述了可预见性规则适用的排除；损益相抵规则与混合过错规则虽然在一般的合同赔偿中也适用，但在本文中又有新的内容。第四部分叙述了国外法中期待利益制度的比较与借鉴。第一节是对大陆法系中几个典型国家法律中有关期待利益制度的描述；第二节对英美法系中期待利益制度作了简单的研究；在第三节中结合前两节的区别提出了对国外法中期待利益制度的借鉴。第五部分提出了我国合同中期待利益制度的不足与完善。首先，通过对我国有关期待利益的立法的叙述，分析了我过有关制度的不足，提出了我国有关期待利益制度的完善，主要体现在明确期待利益的适用范围、计算方法与规则、和其他责任的界限。其次，在分析了司法上不足的前提下，提出了我国有关期待利益的司法完善：第一部分建议规范法官的自由裁量权；第二部分建议在期待利益的执法上从原则、程序和监督上进行完善；最后明确了期待利益制度的排除。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy, the civil contract behavior into common people's work and life, have come to realize the contract has become a concern of the people, to protect the interests of the parties is the ultimate goal of contract behavior. The parties by contract be able to achieve the interests of the Partys breach of contract can not be achieved, the other party the interests of the parties should be given protection and compensation, which will produce the "expectation interest" damages.1999 in March 15th, China in People's Republic of China issued a new "contract law" (hereinafter referred to as the "contract law") for the first time in the form of law provisions of relevant content, the theory also set off the research upsurge.
Look forward to the interests of parties in the contract refers to the sum of the expected benefits from this transaction to obtain the impairment loss including the performance of the contract can be obtained and the interests of the existing property caused by breach of contract. The research is part of looking forward to the interests of the contract law on the protection of the interests of not missing, it is added in the original contract on the protection of the interests, not only can realize the comprehensive protection of the interests of the parties, but also can effectively promote the normal performance of the contract, maintaining good trade order. The contract of expected benefits in recent years is the new name of the interests, construction and implementation are still in the exploratory stage related theory research and concrete system. Therefore, how to establish and perfect the relevant legal system of expectation interests, has become an important research subject. This paper is divided into five parts:
The first part discusses the general problem of looking forward to the interests of the contract. Firstly, through the study of the two legal systems and the relevant laws of our country and look forward to the interests of the legal theory, the meaning of looking forward to the interests of the foundation are defined, and their features are analyzed, and the analysis of other concepts, in order to have a clear understanding look forward to the benefit. Secondly, analyses the basic theory of expectation interest, enhance the degree of theoretical papers. Finally, from the nature of compensation, to analyze the necessity of the compensation for expectation interest lost opportunities and market order three, the expected benefit compensation wasreasonable.
The second part discusses the scope of the contract and look forward to the interests of the calculation. First, describes the range of expected benefit in the contract; then analyzes the standard calculation of expected benefit and method. From two aspects of subjective and objective description in the expectation damages is different, and then put forward the agreed method, analysis method and estimation method. This is a concrete calculation method of expectation interest, for each kind of specific methods are described; finally, the paper analyzes the current situation of our expected damages, based on the calculation method of the above obtained a comprehensive calculation method.
The third part analyzes the important rules about looking forward to the interests of the contract. The complete compensation rules are general rules of contract compensation, emphasizes the integrity of the expectation interest protection; the rule of foreseeability nature of expectation interests based on the emphasis on the predictability of the rules apply toexclude; rule and mixed fault rules though can also be used in general contract compensation, but also has the new content in this paper.
The fourth part describes the comparison of interest system expectations of foreign law and reference. The first section is a description of the expectation interest system of civil law in several typical countries; the second section makes a simple research to look forward to the interests of the Anglo American law system; in the third section with the difference between the first two looking forward to the interests of the system the foreign law for reference.
The fifth part of looking forward to the interests of our contract system deficiencies and improvement. Firstly, based on the expectation interest legislation narrative, I analyzed the problems related to the system, put forward to perfect China's relevant expectation interest system, mainly reflected in the clear scope of expectation interests, calculation methods and rules, boundaries and other responsibilities. Secondly, in the analysis of inadequate judicial premiseof, put forward the expectation interests of our judicial discretion: the first part of the proposedspecification judges; the second part in looking forward to the interests of law enforcement on the principles, procedures and supervision to improve the rule; look forward to the interests of the system.

【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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