侵权法中的纯粹经济损失研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 09:04

本文选题：纯粹经济损失　切入点：责任排除规则　出处：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类社会在不断地发展，人与人之间的交往也越来越频繁。社会的不断进步使人们享受到越来越多的权利，但是相应地权利受侵害的现象亦愈发凸显。合同法和侵权法遂成为人们权利救济的主要途径。然而，在这几十年中，尽管侵权行为法体系及合同法体系在各法系均得到了长足的发展，但是这两者的相互独立性凸显了侵权与合同两分法的张力不足，很多损失在侵权及合同责任范围内难以获得补偿。纯粹经济损失便是此真空地带中较大的版块。纯粹经济损失这一最早起源于英美法系的概念在国外早有研究，而在我国这方面的研究起步相对较晚，且从事这方面研究的学者也相对较少，并未形成较为成熟的研究成果。学术界对于纯粹经济损失的漠视直接导致了司法实务界对于这一概念的陌生。但是由于经济与社会的高速发展，纯粹经济损失的发生越来越频繁，因此加强与完善对其的法理与实践研究就显得尤为重要。纯粹经济损失是不与物的损害或者人身侵害相关的损失，它仅仅是一种经济上的不利益。由于其发生频繁、涉及范围广、具有高度的不确定性且其仅仅是经济利益的损害而与权利损害无关，因此各国基于保护行为自由之政策考量，对于纯粹经济损失多以责任排除规则加以规制。但是，随着社会经济生活的发展，纯粹经济损失案件发生的越来越频繁，而对于所有纯粹经济损失受害人一概不予赔偿的规制显然有违法律之公平与正义的要求，因此，各国开始对纯粹经济损失不再采取责任排除规制一刀切的做法，而是开始有选择地开始对某些类型化的纯粹经济损失案件加以赔偿。在这方面，欧洲国家已经有相对成熟的做法值得我国加以借鉴。本文从纯粹经济损失的概念和特征入手，借鉴欧洲各国立法与司法实践之经验，围绕我国纯粹经济损失处理模式选择问题，对纯粹经济损失问题作了如下几部分的探讨：第一部分纯粹经济损失概述。主要分析的纯粹经济损失的概念、特征、类型以及其与相关损失的关系。第二部分纯粹经济损失的比较法研究。主要分析了欧洲各国具有代表性国家的纯粹经济损失处理模式以及给我国所带来的启示。第三部分纯粹经济损失一般规则及例外救济案型。主要分析了责任排除规则及其理由，从法学学科本身之视角与法经济学之视角两方面加以论述，，并归纳了各国普遍采纳的对纯粹经济损失予以赔偿的类型化案件。第四部分纯粹经济损失在我国的现状和发展。主要分析了我国的立法与司法现状，再借鉴国外立法与司法实践结合我国现状就我国纯粹经济损失处理模式提出相关建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society, the communication between people is becoming more and more frequent. With the development of society, people enjoy more and more rights. However, the phenomenon of infringement of rights has become increasingly prominent. Contract law and tort law have become the main way to remedy people's rights. However, in the past few decades, Although the system of tort law and contract law have made great progress in various legal systems, the independence of the two systems highlights the tension between tort and contract dichotomy. Many of the losses are difficult to compensate within the limits of tort and contractual liability. Pure economic loss is the larger part of this vacuum. The concept of pure economic loss, which originated from Anglo-American law system, has long been studied abroad, but in our country, the research on this aspect started relatively late, and there are relatively few scholars engaged in this field. The neglect of pure economic loss in academic circles has directly led to the strangers to this concept in judicial practice. However, due to the rapid development of economy and society, Pure economic loss occurs more and more frequently, so it is very important to strengthen and perfect its jurisprudence and practice. Pure economic loss is a loss that is not related to material damage or personal injury. It is only a kind of economic disbenefit. Because of its frequent occurrence, it involves a wide range of things. There is a high degree of uncertainty and it is only the damage of economic interests and not related to the damage of rights. Therefore, based on the policy considerations of protecting the freedom of conduct, the pure economic losses are mostly regulated by the rules of exclusion of liability. With the development of social and economic life, cases of pure economic loss occur more and more frequently, and the regulation of non-compensation for all the victims of pure economic loss is obviously contrary to the requirement of fairness and justice of the law. States began to refrain from taking a one-size-fits-all approach to pure economic loss, but instead began selectively to compensate certain types of cases of pure economic loss... in this regard, European countries already have relatively mature practice to be worth our country to draw lessons from. Starting with the concept and characteristics of pure economic loss and drawing on the experience of European countries in legislation and judicial practice, this paper discusses the problem of pure economic loss in China as follows:. The first part is an overview of pure economic loss. The concept, characteristics, types and relationship between pure economic loss and related loss are analyzed. The second part is the comparative study of pure economic loss, which mainly analyzes the pure economic loss treatment mode of representative countries in Europe and the enlightenment to our country. The third part is about the general rules of pure economic loss and the types of exceptional relief cases. It mainly analyzes the rule of exclusion of liability and its reasons, and discusses it from the angle of view of law discipline itself and the angle of view of law and economics. It also summarizes the cases of compensation for pure economic losses that are generally accepted by various countries. Part 4th is the present situation and development of pure economic loss in China. This paper mainly analyzes the present situation of legislation and judicature in our country, and then puts forward some relevant suggestions on the mode of dealing with pure economic loss in our country by referring to the foreign legislation and judicial practice combined with the present situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D913

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