情势变更制度在建设工程施工合同中的运用

发布时间：2018-03-17 01:33

本文选题：情势变更　切入点：建设工程施工合同　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情势变更是指在合同有效成立后至履行完毕前，因不可归责于当事人的事由使合同赖以存在的基础或环境发生了动摇或丧失，继续履行合同将对一方当事人产生显失公平结果时，而允许当事人变更或解除合同的一种法律制度。作为合同严守原则的一种例外，情势变更制度有着曲折的法律渊源，严格的适用条件，在我国民事立法过程中更是历经数次更迭，终于先从司法层面得以回归。建设工程施工合同作为一种主体要求严格、标的特殊、国家管理严格的要式合同，有着其自身的复杂性和特殊性。尤其是在《合同法解释（二）出台后，建设工程施工合同自身的性质、建筑行业的微利性及工程造价形成的特殊性都决定了情势变更制度在该领域运用的必要性。为了保护作为弱者的承包方的利益，为了维护公平合理的交易环境，结合建筑市场的实际情况，在建设工程施工合同中运用该制度刻不容缓。同时，建设工程自身的性质又在决定了该行业运用情势变更制度的特殊性：比在其他合同中的运用有着更为严格，并且应该考虑施工索赔制度的存在。情势变更与相关概念的关系是该运用情势变更制度的一个重要方面。为了更好地在建设工程施工合同运用该制度，必须把情势变更与不可抗力、商业风险和显失公平加以准确的区分。情势变更与三者看似难以区分，但实际上存在着形成原因、相关表现、是否具有归责性、适用程序或相关后果等方面的不同。虽然情势变更制度在建设工程施工合同中的实际运用存在诸多问题，，主要包括：当事人能否约定排除不明确、适用范围不确定、适用程序过于严格、适用效力未明确区分等。但不管是立法上的问题，还是有关程序的缺陷，我们都可以通过在立法中明确适用依据、适用范围、责任承担并简化程序加以改进，并通过修订建设工程施工合同示范文本、推行典型案例等加以完善。在建设工程施工合同中运用情势变更制度是大势所趋，我们不能因为问题的存在而固步自封，只有不断地在实践中加以改进，才能真正发挥该制度应有的市场调和功能。
[Abstract]:The change of circumstances refers to the fact that the basis or environment on which the contract is based has been shaken or lost due to the reason that the contract is not attributable to the parties until the completion of the performance of the contract after the effective establishment of the contract, As an exception to the principle of strict adherence to the contract, the system of situation change has a tortuous legal origin when the continued performance of the contract will have an obviously unfair effect on one party, while allowing the parties to change or rescind the contract. Strict conditions of application, in the process of civil legislation in China, after several changes, finally from the judicial level to return. As a kind of construction contract, the construction contract has its own complexity and particularity, especially after the introduction of the contract Law interpretation (2). The nature of the construction contract itself, the slight profit of the construction industry and the particularity of the construction cost determine the necessity of the application of the situation change system in this field. In order to maintain a fair and reasonable trading environment and combined with the actual situation of the construction market, it is urgent to apply this system in construction contracts. The nature of the construction project itself determines the particularity of the application of the situation change system in this industry: it is more strict than the application in other contracts, and the existence of the construction claim system should be considered. The relationship between situation change and related concepts is an important aspect of the application of the situation change system. In order to better use the system in construction contracts of construction projects, the situation change must be combined with force majeure. It is difficult to distinguish between the situation change and the three, but in fact, there are some differences in formation reason, correlation performance, imputation, applicable procedure or related consequence. Although there are many problems in the actual application of the situation change system in construction contracts of construction projects, including whether the parties can agree to remove uncertainty, the scope of application is uncertain, and the applicable procedures are too strict. There is no clear distinction between the effects of application, etc. But whether it is a legislative issue or a defect in the relevant procedures, we can improve it by clarifying the basis of application, the scope of application, the assumption of responsibility and the simplification of procedures in the legislation, And through revising the model text of construction contract of construction project, carrying out typical cases, etc. It is the trend of the times to apply the system of situation change in construction contract of construction project, so we can not settle for the existence of problems. Only through continuous improvement in practice, can the market harmony function of the system be really brought into play.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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