对预付费交易法律规制的思考

发布时间：2018-03-27 12:35

本文选题：预付费交易　切入点：法律规制　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：预付费交易作为一种新兴的商业模式，受到经营者与消费者的普遍喜爱，给双方都带来了很多实惠，也对于经济发展、繁荣市场发挥了很大的促进作用。但现实生活中，预付费交易并不像人们想象的那样健康有序，由于缺乏法律规制，其正逐渐背离产生初衷，成为不法经营者侵害消费者合法权益的手段，从而产生了大量的法律纠纷。因此，，本文从四个大方面对预付费交易的法律规制进行了思考，通过对预付费交易发展现状和存在问题进行深入分析和解剖，在总结保留我国成功经验的基础上，借鉴吸收域外先进的规制方法措施，为如何有效地对预付费交易进行法律规制提供对策和建议，以期完善预付费交易，保障消费者的合法权益。本文主要分为四大部分。第一部分，对预付费交易的法律性质及其存在的问题进行了分析。预付费交易是指消费者对将来所要获得的商品或服务预先支付相关费用给经营者，之后凭借经营者或第三方发行的消费凭证或提供的编号，或消费者的身份证件等可以识别预付费消费者身份的凭证，购买商品或享受服务并进行结算的商业模式，其法律性质是应属消费服务类合同。就目前而言，预付费交易主要存在不公平格式条款、经营者存在欺诈现象、预付费用的资金安全和预付费消费者的权益救济等问题。第二部分，对我国预付费交易法律规制现状进行了评析。通过梳理发现，我国现有法律规范的规定笼统模糊，缺乏针对性，司法实践性不强，尽管许多地方对预付费交易的法律规制进行了很多有益的尝试，具有很好的借鉴意义，但是就整体而言，仍存在专门性法律规定不足、约束管理机制缺乏、行业协会约束力有限等问题。第三部分，对预付费交易规制较为成功的日本和我国台湾地区的预付费交易规制现状进行了比较研究，从而发现，我国应当在预付费交易的经营主体、监管主体、合同内容规范、行业协会等方面予以借鉴。第四部分，从完善《消费者权益保护法》和《合同法》相关法律法规和出台部门规章两个大方面，就我国预付费交易法律规制的完善提出了几点建议，包括对预付费交易主体实行市场准入制度、推行保证金或第三方担保制度、建立风险救济基金、明确监管主体、加强预付费资金监管、推行示范合同和加强行业自律。
[Abstract]:As a new business model, prepaid transaction is generally loved by both operators and consumers. It brings a lot of benefits to both sides, and also plays a great role in promoting the economic development and prosperity of the market. But in real life, Prepaid transaction is not as healthy and orderly as people imagine, because of the lack of legal regulation, it is gradually deviating from its original intention and becoming a means for illegal operators to encroach on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, thus resulting in a large number of legal disputes. This paper thinks about the legal regulation of prepaid transaction from four aspects. By analyzing and dissecting the present situation and existing problems of prepaid transaction, this paper summarizes the successful experience of our country. Based on the foreign advanced regulation methods and measures, this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions on how to effectively regulate prepaid transactions in order to perfect prepaid transactions and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. This paper is mainly divided into four parts. The first part analyzes the legal nature of prepaid transactions and their existing problems. Prepaid transactions refer to the consumers who pay the related fees to the operators in advance for the goods or services they want to obtain in the future. A business model in which a consumer certificate or number issued by an operator or a third party, or a consumer's identity card, can then identify the identity of a prepaid consumer, purchase a commodity or enjoy a service, and make a settlement. The legal nature of the contract is that it should be a consumer service contract. At present, there are unfair format clauses in prepaid transactions and fraud in operators. The second part analyzes the current situation of the legal regulation of prepaid transactions in China. Through combing, the author finds that the existing legal regulations in our country are general and vague. Lack of pertinence, judicial practice is not strong, although many places on the legal regulation of prepaid transactions have made a lot of useful attempts, with good reference significance, but on the whole, there is still a lack of specialized legal provisions. The third part makes a comparative study on the current situation of pre-paid transaction regulation in Japan and Taiwan, where the regulation of prepaid transactions is relatively successful. China should draw lessons from such aspects as the main body of prepaid transactions, the subject of supervision, the specification of the contract content, the trade association, and so on. From the aspects of consummating the relevant laws and regulations of the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law and the contract Law and introducing the departmental rules and regulations, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the legal regulation of prepaid transactions in our country. It includes carrying out market access system for prepaid trading parties, carrying out margin or third party guarantee system, establishing risk relief fund, clarifying supervision subject, strengthening supervision of prepaid funds, promoting model contract and strengthening industry self-discipline.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6;D922.294

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