论所有权保留中的第三人利益保护

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:35

本文选题：所有权保留　切入点：善意第三人　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：所有权保留制度是一种能够克服传统担保制度的缺陷而兴起的非典型的担保制度,买受人无须自力提供担保却能占有并使用标的物,出卖人也能通过保留标的物的所有权来保障其债权,从而实现财产所有与财产利用的有效结合,实现社会资源的有效配置,它不仅在微观上能起到保障债权实现的担保目的,同时在宏观上有着促进社会经济发展的功用。我国《合同法》第134条将所有权保留制度合法化,明确规定了买卖双方当事人之问的权利义务。然而,对于处理所有权保留买卖中买卖双方当事人与第三人的关系现行立法中没有明确的规定,影响了所有权保留制度在司法实践中的运用。出卖人在设定所有权保留买卖之前,在标的物上设定担保的,应当优先保护担保权人的利益。这在学界已经达成共识,也是与我国的法律精神相一致的。出卖人在设定所有权保留买卖之后,由于出卖人对标的物享有所有权,且设定的所有权保留条款仅具内部效力,故应当允许出卖人在标的物上设定抵押的,并优先保护善意抵押权人的利益。买受人依照所有权保留条款依法占有标的物,第三人完全有理由相信买受人对标的物享有所有权而同意出卖人在标的物上设定担保。此时应当优先保护善意第三担保物权人的利益,这是由物权的优先性和追及力所决定的,并且我国《物权法》也为第三担保物权人的利益提供了保障。出卖人在设定所有权保留买卖前,将标的物转让于第三人尚未交付的,应当优先保护保留买主的利益,这是与我国处理“一物二买”的精神相一致的。出卖人在设定所有权保留买卖后,由于其对标的物保留了所有权,出卖人仍然有权对标的物进行处分。在这种情况下,如果标的物已经实际为出卖人占有,或者标的物的所有权已经移转至第三买受人,或者在标的物之上负担的“期待权”已经解除时,第三买受人可以依法获得标的物的所有权；而在标的物已经为保留买家实际占有并偿付完剩余买价债权时，标的物的所有权归属于保留买受人。期待权是一项独立的具有经济价值的权利,应当认可保留买主对该项权利转让的效力。至于保留买主对所有权保留之物的所有权做出无权转让的行为,则可以依照善意取得的相关规定予以处理。保留买主的债权人对标的物申请强制执行时,出卖人可以已经依据其享有的所有权对标的物强制执行申请异议并终止执行；而出卖人的债权人对标的物申请强制执行时,由于我国法律并没有期待权人异议中请权,此时应当优先保护出卖人的债权人的利益。
[Abstract]:Retention of title is an atypical security system that has emerged to overcome the shortcomings of traditional security systems, where the buyer is able to possess and use the subject matter without having to provide security on his own.The seller can also protect the creditor's rights by retaining the ownership of the subject matter, thus realizing the effective combination of property ownership and property utilization, and realizing the effective allocation of social resources, which can not only guarantee the realization of the creditor's rights, but also guarantee the realization of the creditor's rights.At the same time, it has the function of promoting social and economic development on the macro level.Article 134 of contract Law legalizes the retention of title system and clearly stipulates the rights and obligations of both parties.However, there is no clear provision in the current legislation dealing with the relationship between the buyer and the seller and the third party, which affects the application of the retention of title system in the judicial practice.Where a seller creates security on the subject matter before creating a retention-of-title transaction, priority shall be given to protecting the interests of the security right holder.This has reached a consensus in academic circles, and is in line with the spirit of our law.Where the seller, after establishing a retention-of-title transaction, should allow the seller to create a mortgage on the subject-matter because the seller has ownership of the subject matter and the created retention of ownership clause has only internal effect,Priority is given to protecting the interests of bona fide mortgagees.The seller still has the right to dispose of the subject matter because of the reservation of ownership.In such a case, if the subject matter has actually been in the possession of the seller, or the title of the subject matter has been transferred to the third buyer, or the "right of expectation" on the subject matter has been discharged,The third buyer can acquire the title of the subject matter according to law, and the title of the subject matter belongs to the retained buyer when the subject matter has been actually possessed by the buyer and the residual purchase price claim is paid.The right of expectation is an independent right of economic value and shall recognize the validity of the reservation of the transfer of the right by the buyer.As for the right of the retention-of-title buyer to transfer the title of the retention-of-title thing, it may be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of bona fide acquisition.When the creditor who retains the buyer applies for enforcement of the subject-matter, the seller may have objected to and terminated the application for enforcement of the subject-matter on the basis of the ownership enjoyed by the seller; and when the creditor of the seller applies for enforcement of the subject-matter,Because the law of our country does not expect the right to claim in the dissent of the right holder, priority should be given to protecting the interests of the creditor of the seller.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】