论政府采购合同纠纷的司法救济

发布时间：2018-04-23 22:13

本文选题：政府采购合同 + 行政合同　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：政府采购制度是随着经济和社会发展不断建立和完善的一项制度，随着此项制度的发展，政府采购合同出现的频率越来越高，应用范围越来越广，深入影响着行政主体行政管理目标的实现，影响着行政相对人的各个方面的权益，同时影响着公共利益的实现。与此同时，学术界对于政府采购合同的关注日益加强，尤其是政府采购合同的性质确定与救济方式的选择。契约是经常在私法中予以介绍和评说的一种法律手段，但是随着行政法的不断发展，契约亦已成为行政主体的一种重要的行政活动方式，行政领域的契约通常被称为行政契约或者行政合同。行政合同是随着经济的发展、民主制度和福利国家的出现不断发展起来的，其与民事合同存在订立主体、订立程序、双方权利义务、目的以及救济方式等层面的不同。对于政府采购合同，本文认为，政府采购合同是指采购人或者采购代理机构使用财政性资金，遵循法定方式与供应商签订的以购买、租赁、委托、雇用等方式有偿取得货物、工程和服务的合同。在学术界，关于政府采购合同的性质存在行政合同说、民事合同说以及混合性质说，由于政府采购合同订立主体一方的特定性、资金来源的公共性、合同目的的公益性、订立程序的公开与严格性，决定了其与民事合同、行政合同相比都存在着一定的特殊性，因此本文根据政府采购合同的特征及我国法律的相关规定将其界定为是具有很强民事合同色彩的行政合同。对于政府采购合同的救济，在不同的国家和地区主要存在询问、磋商、质疑、公证人监管程序和调解程序、行政复议以及诉讼程序，而诉讼程序又因国家和地区的不同分为民事诉讼程序和行政诉讼程序。根据我国《政府采购法》的规定，对于政府采购合同的救济方式主要有询问、质疑、投诉、行政复议和行政诉讼等途径，但是与此同时，《政府采购法》第43条规定了：“政府采购合同适用合同法”。因此，对于政府采购合同的司法救济方式在现行法律规定有一定冲突的情况下存在很大的争议。现行立法的规定，在一定程度上带来了救济方式适用的混乱、纠纷解决机制的复杂、民事合同相关制度不适应的状况。而在实践之中，也有一些案例表明了现行政府采购合同司法救济方式存在的问题，其中尤以暂停制度的缺失与政府采购公益诉讼制度的缺位为代表。这些情况的存在，都给我国政府采购合同制度的健康有序运行、行政管理目标的实现、当事人利益与公共利益的维护带来一定的消极影响。为此，本文在介绍世界其他国家和地区政府采购合同救济方式的基础上，提出了完善我国政府采购司法救济制度的建议，以期促进我国政府采购合同纠纷救济制度的完善与发展。一方面，，应当完善撤销诉讼，将质疑和投诉规定为行政诉讼的非必经的前置程序，并且赋予法院在审查的基础上裁定中止招投标程序的进行或者采购合同的执行的权力。另一方面，应当构建政府采购公益诉讼，明确政府采购公益诉讼的原告、举证责任的分配、费用、激励措施以及防止滥诉现象出现的制度。
[Abstract]:The government procurement system is a system which has been established and perfected with the development of the economy and society. With the development of this system, the frequency of the government procurement contract appears more and more frequently, and the application scope is more and more wide. It affects the realization of the administrative target of the administrative subject, and affects the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart in all aspects. At the same time, the academic circles have paid more and more attention to the government procurement contract, especially the choice of the nature of the government procurement contract and the way of relief.
Contract is a legal means which is often introduced and commented in private law. But with the continuous development of administrative law, the contract has also become an important administrative way of administrative activities. The contract of the administrative field is usually called administrative contract or administrative contract. The administrative contract is the development of the economy, the Democratic system and the welfare. The appearance of the state has been developing continuously. It is different from the civil contract, including the main body, the procedure, the rights and obligations, the purpose and the way of relief. For the government procurement contract, this article holds that the government procurement contract refers to the use of financial funds by the purchaser or the procurement agency. A contract for the acquisition of goods, engineering and service in the form of purchase, lease, entrustment and employment. In the academic world, the nature of the contract of government procurement has an administrative contract, a civil contract and a mixed nature, the specificity of the party, the public nature of the source of funds, the public welfare of the contract purpose, The openness and strictness of the procedure determines that it has a certain particularity compared with the civil contract and the administrative contract. Therefore, this article defines it as an administrative contract with a strong civil contract color according to the characteristics of the government procurement contract and the relevant provisions of the law of our country.
For the relief of government procurement contracts, there are mainly inquiries, consultations, questions, public notarial supervision procedures and mediation procedures, administrative reconsideration and litigation procedures in different countries and regions, and the proceedings are divided into civil proceedings and administrative litigation procedures due to the differences between countries and regions. The remedies for government procurement contracts are mainly inquired, questioned, complains, administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, but at the same time, the forty-third article of the government procurement law stipulates that "the contract law of the government procurement contract is applicable". Therefore, the judicial remedy for the government procurement contract is deposited under the circumstances of a certain conflict in the current law. In a great dispute, the provisions of the current legislation have brought about the confusion of the application of relief methods, the complexity of the dispute settlement mechanism and the situation of the civil contract related systems. In practice, some cases also show the existing problems of the current government procurement contract judicial rescue mode, especially the suspension system. The absence of the system of public interest litigation in government procurement is represented by the absence of the system. The existence of these conditions has brought some negative effects on the healthy and orderly operation of the government procurement contract system, the realization of the administrative objectives, the interests of the parties and the maintenance of the public interest.
Therefore, on the basis of introducing the relief mode of government procurement contract in other countries and regions of the world, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the judicial relief system of government procurement in our country, in order to promote the improvement and development of the relief system of the government procurement contract disputes. On the one hand, we should complete the revocation of the lawsuit and make the query and complaint as the administrative complaint. The non compulsory prepositional procedure of the lawsuit and the power of the court to adjudication of the bidding procedure and the execution of the purchase contract on the basis of the review. On the other hand, the government procurement public interest litigation should be constructed to clarify the plaintiff of the government procurement public interest litigation, the distribution of the burden of proof, the cost, the incentive measures and the prevention of the abuse of the lawsuit. The emergence of a system.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.2

【参考文献】