我国违约金司法调整制度的移植和完善——基于对大陆法系各国违约金司法调整制度的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 15:59

本文选题：合同自由原则 + 违约金　；参考：《学理论》2015年10期

【摘要】：根据合同意思自治的原则,当事人有权约定违约金的支付条件和具体数额,但并不意味着这种约定没有更改的余地,如果违约金过高或者过低,导致双方的利益失衡,当事人有权请求法院对违约金做适当调整。大陆法系各国合同法普遍认为,对违约金的司法调整并非对合同自由原则的否定,而是考虑对双方利益的兼顾。但在调整标准、调整方式、调整程序和举证责任分配等方面,各国立法的规定则存在较大差异。我国《合同法》也确立了违约金数额司法调整制度。然而,操作层面的调整幅度、调整方式和调整程序等方面规定尚不完善,难免导致法院判决时对相关规定错误理解、盲目运用、有悖法律的公平公正。鉴于此,有必要补充现有的调整标准,改良现有的调整方式,在一定条件下赋予司法机关依职权调整违约金的权利,并完善相应的举证责任制度。
[Abstract]:According to the principle of autonomy of the meaning of the contract, the parties have the right to agree on the terms of payment and the specific amount of the liquidated damages, but this does not mean that there is no room for change in this agreement. If the liquidated damages are too high or too low, the interests of both parties will be out of balance. The parties have the right to request the court to make appropriate adjustments to the liquidated damages. The contract law of civil law countries generally holds that the judicial adjustment of liquidated damages is not the negation of the principle of freedom of contract, but the consideration of the interests of both parties. However, there are some differences between different countries in adjusting standard, adjusting mode, adjusting procedure and distribution of burden of proof. The contract Law of our country also established the system of judicial adjustment of the amount of liquidated damages. However, the operating level of the adjustment range, adjustment methods and adjustment procedures are not perfect, which inevitably leads to the court judgment on the related provisions of the wrong understanding, blind use, contrary to the fairness of the law. In view of this, it is necessary to supplement the existing adjustment standards, improve the existing adjustment methods, give the judicial organs the right to adjust the liquidated damages ex officio under certain conditions, and perfect the corresponding burden of proof system.
【作者单位】：广西经贸职业技术学院;
【分类号】：D923.6

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