合同债权人代位权行使的效力归属及相关规则辨析——兼论我国合同代位债权司法解释的完善

发布时间：2018-05-02 03:40

本文选题：债权债务关系 + 合同债权人代位权　；参考：《法学》2011年07期

【摘要】：我国《合同法》未明确债权人代位行使债务人债权的效力归属,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释(一)》将其规定为债权债务的法定转移并无不妥。据此,相应发生拟制的债的免除效果,即发生债权人与债务人、债务人与次债务人之间的债权债务关系消灭的效果。只要次债务人未实际向债权人履行清偿义务或者履行清偿义务不足的,债权人与债务人之间虽然债权债务关系消灭,但债务人的清偿责任并不消灭,债务人应当承担债权让与的保证清偿责任。对由此产生的代位债权人比债务人的其他债权人事实上的优先受偿效果,应设立"次债务人向债权人清偿使债务人财产减少并且不能清偿对其他债权人的到期债务,债务人的其他债权人有权向法院请求撤销该次债务人向债权人的清偿"的规则。相关司法解释中仅有"在代位权诉讼中,次债务人对债务人的抗辩,可以向债权人主张"的规则还不够完备,还必须规定"在代位权诉讼中,次债务人对债务人的抗辩向债权人主张经审理认定成立的,债权人的代位权不能成立,债务人对次债务人的债权在相应范围或数额内消灭或者不具有可强制执行效力"的规则。
[Abstract]:China's contract Law does not clearly define the validity of the creditor's subrogation of the debtor's creditor's rights. The interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the application of the contract Law of the people's Republic of China (1) > stipulates that the creditor's subrogation is a creditor's debt. There is nothing wrong with legal transfers. Accordingly, the effect of the corresponding fictitious debt relief occurs, that is, the effect of extinguishing the creditor's debt relationship between the creditor and the debtor, and between the debtor and the secondary debtor. As long as the secondary debtor fails to actually discharge its obligations to the creditor or if the performance of the repayment obligation is insufficient, the creditor and the debtor shall, although the relationship between the creditor's rights and the debtor's obligations is extinguished, the debtor's duty of discharge shall not be extinguished, The debtor shall bear the obligation to guarantee the discharge of the assignment of the creditor's rights. With regard to the resultant subrogation creditor's de facto priority effect over other creditors of the debtor, the secondary debtor shall be established to pay off the debtor's property to the creditor and be unable to pay off the debts due to the other creditors, Other creditors of the debtor have the right to apply to the court for rescission of the rule of satisfaction of the debtor to the creditor. In the relevant judicial interpretation, only the rule that "in the action of subrogation, the defense of the secondary debtor against the debtor can be claimed against the creditor" is not complete enough, and it must also be stipulated that "in the action of subrogation, If the defense of the secondary debtor against the debtor claims to the creditor that the subrogation of the creditor cannot be established, the debtor's creditor's right to the secondary debtor shall be extinguished within the corresponding scope or amount or have no enforceable effect. "
【作者单位】：中南大学法学院;上海社会科学院法学研究所;
【分类号】：D923

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