论国际货物贸易中的根本违约制度

发布时间：2018-05-07 04:27

本文选题：根本违约 + 联合国国际货物销售合同公约　；参考：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：根本违约制度起源于英国普通法,后对美国合同法产生了重大影响,1980年《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》、欧盟制定的《欧洲合同法原则》和1994年国际私法协会《国际商事合同通则》都对根本违约制度进行了规定,从而使其具有了更深远的意义和影响。该制度不仅在国际贸易中处于非常重要的地位,对各国合同法的理论和实践影响也越来越大,已经或直接或间接的体现在各国合同立法中,但是由于各国内法和国际立法都只是对根本违约的构成作了抽象性的规定,就连《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第二十五条对根本违约作的定义也因其语言的高度概括性,在实践中引发了许多争议。例如：关于“处于相同情况中一个同等资格、通情达理的人”如何确定,在结合具体案件中如何认定同等资格、通情达理?“可预见性”时间的确立标准?“损害”的确切含义?等等的不明确都使其在贸易实践中带来许多问题和不便。另外,我国作为《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的缔约国,在合同法中体现根本违约制度的实质内容,为我国的合同解除提供了更科学合理的法定事由。但是由于还存在诸多问题,其在国内的适用难免有一些不足,这也是我们亟待完善的地方。总之,根本违约制度作为一种解除合同的法定事由,一方面既是保护受害方利益的体现,另一方面实际上是对行使合同解除权进行了非常必要地限制。我国新《合同法》对该制度的规定和完善,不仅丰富和充实了我国的合同法制，还促进了我国立法在这一问题上与国际法制的接轨。
[Abstract]:The system of fundamental breach of contract originates from the common law of England, The 1980 United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods, the principles of European contract Law formulated by the European Union and the 1994 Unidroit principles of International Commercial contracts have all caused fundamental breach of contract. The system is regulated, So that it has a more profound significance and impact. This system is not only in a very important position in international trade, but also has more and more influence on the theory and practice of the contract law of various countries, which has been directly or indirectly embodied in the national contract legislation. However, as each domestic law and international legislation only make abstract provisions on the constitution of fundamental breach of contract, even the definition of fundamental breach of contract in Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods is also due to its highly general language. In practice, there has been a lot of controversy. For example, how is it determined that "an equally qualified, reasonable person in the same situation", and how to determine the same qualification in a specific case, is reasonable? What are the criteria for "predictability" time? What is the exact meaning of "damage"? The ambiguity makes it bring many problems and inconveniences in the trade practice. In addition, as a contracting state of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods, China embodies the essential content of the fundamental breach of contract system in the contract law, which provides a more scientific and reasonable legal reason for the termination of the contract in our country. However, because there are still many problems, its application in China inevitably has some shortcomings, which is also our urgent need to improve. In a word, the fundamental breach of contract system, as a legal reason for rescission of contract, is not only the embodiment of protecting the interests of the injured party, but also the very necessary restriction on the exercise of the right to rescind the contract on the other hand. The regulation and perfection of this system in the new contract Law of China not only enriches and enriches the legal system of contract in our country, but also promotes the integration of our legislation with the international legal system on this issue.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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