论第三人侵害债权制度之构建

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:02

本文选题：第三人侵害债权 + 理论基础　；参考：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：第三人侵害债权制度是民法学界一直争论的焦点问题,究其原因在于该制度对传统的民法理论产生了极大冲击。从罗马法开始,传统民法理论一直恪守债的相对性原则,否认债权可以作为侵权行为的客体。这对于保障第三人的行为自由,促进交易起到了重要的作用。但是,随着社会经济的不断发展,人们之间自由竞争的不断加剧,第三人侵害债权的现象屡见不鲜,传统债的相对性理论已经无法解释这种新生的法律现象,依靠原有的合同法和相关法律等救济方式难以充分保障债权人的利益。然而,在现行法律制度下债权人没有向第三人请求赔偿损失的赔偿请求权基础,我国在2009年颁布的《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》中也没有明确规定第三人侵害债权制度。这就导致了当出现第三人侵害债权的情形时,债权人只能依据合同的相对性向对方当事人请求赔偿。当对方当事人无力偿还时,债权人不能向第三人请求法律赔偿,这是因为债权人对第三人没有请求权基础。从世界各国和地区的民法理论来看,都不同程度的通过各种方式承认或确立了该制度。虽然第三人侵害债权制度同我国当前的民法理论体系有冲突的地方,但是其在经济社会生活中的现实需要是我国引入该制度的内部动力。我国在构建第三人侵害债权制度时,不能生搬硬套世界各国的做法,应该结合我国法制实际,寻找到一个合适的平衡点,在原有的法制体系中规定第三人侵害债权制度,适当合理的扩充侵权法的适用范围,将债权囊括其中。这就要求我们对第三人侵害债权制度进行比较研究,从而为我国建立第三人侵害债权制度提供理论支撑。本文立足于我国现行的民法理论和实践,以第三人侵害债权制度为研究对象,利用历史分析方法和比较分析方法,主要从以下四个方面阐述第三人侵害债权制度：第一部分是对第三人侵害债权制度的概述。主要分析第三人侵害债权制度的概念、历史沿革以及价值。首先,运用概念分析法分析世界各国对第三人侵害债权制度的概念。本文通过比较分析各个国家理论界对于第三人侵害债权制度概念的规定,从而总结出各国对该制度的共同点,为我国构建第三人侵害债权制度提供良好的借鉴。其次,对第三人侵害债权制度的理论基础进行研究。第三人侵害债权制度的理论基础通说认为包括债的相对性理论的突破、债的不可侵犯性理论、公序良俗原则等,通过对这些理论的分析和把握为我国构建第三人侵害债权制度提供理论支撑。第二部分是对第三人侵害债权制度进行比较法上的研究。运用历史分析法梳理第三人侵害债权制度在大陆法系和英美法系的历史沿革。纵观两大法系对第三人侵害债权制度的态度都是经历了从否定到肯定的发展过程,通过长久的理论研究和司法实践,该制度在两大法系也逐渐趋向于成熟。分析比较研究各国对该制度的成果对我国构建第三人侵害债权制度具有良好的借鉴意义。第三部分是主要研究第三人侵害债权制度的要件构成和责任的承担。构成要件和责任承担是一项制度建立的重要方面,因此本文在此部分着重分析第三人侵害债权的构成要件、责任承担和免责事由。第四部分主要分析我国当前第三人侵害债权制度的立法现状和司法实践当中对于该制度的运用,通过对这两方面的分析研究得出我国现存法律体系下该制度存在的问题。从问题出发,寻找解决该问题的良好途径,最后提出我国建立和完善第三人侵害债权制度的建议,以期有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The third party's infringement of the creditor's right system is the focus of the civil law field. The reason is that the system has a great impact on the traditional civil law theory. From the Rome law, the traditional civil law theory has scrupulously abides by the principle of the relative nature of the debt, and denies that the creditor's right can be the object of the tort. This will guarantee the freedom of behavior of the third party. The promotion of trade has played an important role. However, with the continuous development of the social economy and the increase of free competition among people, the phenomenon of Third People's infringement of creditor's rights is common. The theory of the relativity of traditional debt has not been able to explain the new legal phenomenon, and it is difficult to rely on the original contract law and relevant laws. The creditor's interests are guaranteed. However, under the current legal system, the creditor has not requested the right basis for the claim for compensation for the loss of the third party. In 2009, the tort liability law of the People's Republic of China, which was promulgated in China, has not clearly defined the infringement of the creditor's right system by the third party. This leads to the case of the infringement of the creditor's rights in the case of third persons. When the creditor can only claim compensation to the other party according to the relativity of the contract, the creditor can not claim the legal compensation to the third party when the other party is unable to pay it. This is because the creditor has no claim to the third party. From the civil law theory of the countries and regions of the world, all kinds of ways are recognized by various ways. Although the system of Third People's infringement of creditor's rights is in conflict with the current civil law system of our country, the actual needs of the third people in the economic and social life are the internal power of the introduction of the system in our country. In our country, when the three people of Gou Jiandi infringe on the system of creditor's rights, we should not be able to carry out a hard set of practices in the world, which should be combined with me. The legal system of the country is in search of a suitable balance point. In the original legal system, the third party infringes the creditor's right system, and the applicable scope of the tort law is properly expanded to include the creditor's rights. This requires us to make a comparative study on the system of the infringement of the creditor's rights by the third party, so as to establish the system of the infringement of the creditor's rights for the third party in our country. For theoretical support.
This article, based on the current theory and practice of civil law in China, takes the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights as the research object, and uses historical analysis method and comparative analysis method to explain the system of third person's infringement of creditor's rights from the following four aspects.
The first part is an overview of the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights. It mainly analyzes the concept, historical evolution and value of the third party's infringement of creditor's right system. First, the concept analysis method is used to analyze the concept of the third people's infringement of the creditor's right system in the world. This paper compares and analyzes the concept of the infringement of the creditor's right system by the theoretical circles of each country by the various countries. In order to sum up the common points of each country to the system and provide a good reference for the construction of the system of Third Party Infringement of creditor's rights in China. Secondly, the theoretical foundation of the system of the infringement of the creditor's right is studied. The theoretical foundation of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system is that the theory of the relativity of the debt is considered to be a breakthrough and the inviolability of the debt. Theory, public order and good custom principles provide theoretical support for the construction of the third party infringing creditor's rights system by analyzing and grasping these theories.
The second part is the research on the comparative law of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system. The historical analysis method is used to comb the historical evolution of the third people's infringement of the creditor's right system in the continental law system and the Anglo American law system. The attitude of the two legal systems to the third party's infringement of the creditor's right system has experienced the process from negative to affirmative, through a long term theory. On the research and judicial practice, the system is gradually becoming mature in the two legal systems. The analysis and comparison of the achievements of various countries on the system has a good reference for the construction of the system of infringing the creditor's rights in China by the construction of the third party.
The third part is the main study of the constitutive elements and responsibility of the third party infringement of the creditor's right system. The important aspects of the establishment of a system are the elements of the Constitution and the responsibility to bear. Therefore, this part focuses on the analysis of the constituent elements of the third party's infringement of the creditor's right, the responsibility and the disclaimer.
The fourth part mainly analyzes the current legislative status of the third party infringing creditor system in China and the application of the system in judicial practice. Through the analysis and study of these two aspects, we can find out the problems of the system under the existing legal system in our country. From the problems, we will find a good way to solve the problem, and finally put forward the establishment and the establishment of our country. The proposal to improve the third party's infringement of creditor's rights is expected to be beneficial.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

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