民法典的法律渊源体系——以《民法总则》第10条为例

发布时间：2018-05-25 02:19

本文选题：法律渊源 + 法典化　；参考：《中国人民大学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：法律渊源体系在当代呈现出多元主义和多中心主义的特征,这构成法典化在当代最大的挑战。民法典的法律渊源体系必然保持开放性,对成文法之外的其他法律渊源保持开放。必须摈弃成文法中心主义,允许习惯、司法解释与判例、一般法律原则等其他法律渊源进入民事关系的场域以发挥各自的功能;在保证法的安定性价值的同时,保持法的演进性,使民法典真正成为与时俱进的"活法"。就此而言,2017年《民法总则》关于法律渊源的规定确实具有重大的进步意义,这突出表现为习惯从过去由《合同法》、《物权法》等部门法中的零散规定,上升为总则中的一般性法律渊源,由此,习惯在民法中取得了正式的一般性渊源的地位。这也是我国未来的民法典的开放性的重要表现。不过,对于《民法总则》所未规定的法律渊源形式,包括国家政策、司法性渊源、一般法律原则等,不宜完全将其排斥在法源体系之外,而应根据民事案件审判的具体需要,运用法律解释学的方法,将其作为实质性渊源据以参考,从而最终做出最适宜的判决。
[Abstract]:The origin system of law presents the characteristics of pluralism and polycentrism in contemporary times, which constitutes the greatest challenge of codification in contemporary times. The legal source system of civil code must remain open and open to other legal sources. We must abandon the centralism of statute law and allow other sources of law, such as custom, judicial interpretation and precedent, general principles of law, to enter the field of civil relations in order to play their respective functions. Maintaining the evolution of the law makes the Civil Code a "living law" that keeps pace with the times. In this regard, the 2017 General provisions of the Civil Law on the sources of law are indeed of great progressive significance. This is highlighted by the fact that custom has been set out in the past by the fragmented provisions of the law of contract, the law of real rights, and other sectoral laws, such as the Law on contract, the Law on Real Rights, and so on. As a general source of law, custom gained the status of formal general source in civil law. This is also an important manifestation of the openness of China's future civil code. However, the forms of legal sources not stipulated in the General principles of Civil Law, including state policy, judicial sources, general principles of law, etc., should not be completely excluded from the legal source system, but should be judged according to the specific needs of civil cases. The method of legal hermeneutics is used as the reference of substantive origin, and the most appropriate judgment is finally made.
【基金】：中国人民大学-日内瓦大学种子基金——中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)“瑞士债法典的改革与中国民法典的编纂”(16XNQ021)
【分类号】：D923

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