房屋承租人优先购买权研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:15

本文选题：承租人优先购买权 + 法律性质　；参考：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：优先购买权制度自起源至今已存续千百年,有着深厚的历史渊源,其中最常见的就是存在于房屋领域的承租人优先购买权。作为一项法定权利,其对保护租赁关系中处于相对弱势地位的承租人、促进交易效率、稳定社会秩序有着重要的意义。虽然,我国法律对该制度有所修改,但目前仅有寥寥几个法条,显然过于粗糙。在社会不断向前发展的过程中,法律规定不明确、不具体势必会造成司法实务裁判困难。如何保护承租人的合法权利,平衡出租人、承租人、第三人的利益冲突,是研究此问题的重要目标。有鉴于此,笔者通过总结权利行使与权利救济过程中常见的争议问题,深入探析理论界与实务界在法律适用中的不同观点,从有利于审理相关案件、解决矛盾问题的角度出发阐明支持态度。并借鉴国外相关成熟立法经验,从立法和司法两方面对我国房屋承租人优先购买权制度提出完善建议。除去引言与结语外,本文主要分为五个部分:第一部分,简要介绍两个涉及承租人优先购买权的典型案例,即“陈丽诉长城经贸公司案”与“广州市华宁公司诉邓秀华案”。通过基本情况以及法院判决结果找出争议焦点,并由此引出承租人优先购买权在行使过程与获得救济过程中常见的实务问题。第二部分,分析承租人优先购买权的法律性质,其目的是为后续权利行使与救济寻求理论基础。通过辨析三对具有相反观点的性质学说,从有效保护承租人合法权益的角度出发得出结论。第三部分,研究论述承租人在行使优先购买权的过程中出现的问题,从出租人通知义务履行的时间点、内容、形式三方面判断是否已实际履行,从“同等条件”必要内容与排除内容界定其范围并分析部分承租的特殊情形,探究出租人不履行通知义务时承租人权利行使期限。第四部分,深入阐释承租人优先购买权受侵害时的救济问题,笔者并不一刀切地认为属于侵害责任或是违约责任。而是根据三种不同侵害情形,分别指出出租人应承担的责任形态,提出具体赔偿范围的建议。第五部分,在前文的基础上,从立法完善和司法改进两方面提出了完善我国承租人优先购买权制度的设想,使之能够更好地保护承租人的利益。
[Abstract]:The system of preemptive right has existed for thousands of years since its origin, and has a deep historical origin, among which the most common one is the preemptive right of lessee in the field of housing. As a legal right, it is of great significance to protect the lessee who is in a relatively weak position in the lease relationship, to promote the transaction efficiency and to stabilize the social order. Although the law of our country has been amended, there are only a few articles of law at present, which is obviously too rough. In the process of social development, the legal provisions are not clear, not specific will inevitably cause difficulties in judicial practice. How to protect the legal rights of the lessee and balance the conflict of interest among the lessor, the lessee and the third party is the important goal of the study. In view of this, the author summarizes the common controversial issues in the process of the exercise of rights and the remedy of rights, and probes into the different views of the theoretical and practical circles in the application of the law in order to facilitate the trial of relevant cases. The angle that solves contradiction problem sets out to expound support attitude. And draw lessons from foreign relevant mature legislative experience, from the legislative and judicial aspects of our housing lessee preemptive right system proposed to improve the system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts: the first part briefly introduces two typical cases involving the lessee's preemptive right, namely, Chen Li v. the Great Wall Economic and Trade Company and Guangzhou Huanning Company v. Deng Xiuhua. Through the basic situation and the court judgment results to find out the dispute focus, and thus leads to the lessee priority right in the exercise of the process and the process of obtaining relief common practical problems. The second part analyzes the legal nature of the lessee's preemptive right, whose purpose is to seek the theoretical basis for the exercise and relief of subsequent rights. The conclusion is drawn from the point of view of effective protection of the legal rights and interests of the lessee by discriminating and analyzing three pairs of nature theories with opposite views. The third part, discusses the lessee in the exercise of the process of preemptive purchase problems, from the lessor to notify the obligation to perform the time point, content, form three aspects to judge whether the actual performance, This paper defines the scope of "equal conditions" necessary content and exclusionary content, and analyzes the special situation of partial lease, and probes into the time limit of the lessee's right exercise when the lessor fails to perform the obligation of notice. In the fourth part, the author deeply explains the relief problem when the lessee's preemption right is infringed, and the author does not think it belongs to infringement liability or breach of contract liability. On the basis of three different cases of infringement, the author points out the liability form of the lessor, and puts forward some suggestions on the scope of compensation. The fifth part, on the basis of the above, puts forward the idea of perfecting the preemptive right of lessee in our country from the two aspects of legislative perfection and judicial improvement, so that it can better protect the interests of the lessee.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6

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