我国快递服务合同格式条款研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 15:27

本文选题：快递 + 格式条款　；参考：《南昌大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：快递作为一种新兴的服务贸易活动,已经延伸到国民经济的各个领域之中,并且在市场经济的大舞台上,扮演着不可缺少的角色。但是,任何新生事物的兴起必然带来双面的影响,快递企业为保障自身利益、规避法律义务,规定了一系列行规、格式条款,造成快递行业法律纠纷频发。因此,本文通过对快递服务合同格式条款研究,分析快递格式条款的有效性,希望借此能够加强消费者对快递服务合同格式条款认识,提高消费者自我保护意识,进一步保障消费者合法权益,促进快递行业良性发展。首先,本文对快递服务合同保价条款的相关问题进行了讨论。快递企业借鉴海上运输保价制度,将其利用于快递行业,期望通过保价条款达到限制快递企业责任和降低快递企业风险的目的。但是,快递企业在对保价快件和保价费的管理上仍有不足。比如,快递企业并未对保价快件与未保价快件进行区别管理,没有为保价快件采取更多的安全保障措施；快递企业没有设立专门的保价基金,而是将保价费直接录入普通运输费用中,使保价费未能发挥其真正的效能。不仅如此,国家相关法律法规、行业标准至今未对快递企业保价率进行统一规范,致使各个快递企业标准不一,不利于快递行业的良性竞争。因此,只有国家尽快设定公平恰当的保价率标准,快递企业不断加强保价快件与保价费的管理,才能发挥保价制度的优势,平衡好快递企业和消费者的利益。其次,本文对未保价快件赔偿标准的有效性进行了研究。快递企业一般对未保价快件的毁损、灭失,按货物基本运费的2-10倍进行赔偿,其中最高的一家快递企业赔偿额为基本运费的20倍。快递企业对未保价快件赔偿标准的规定源于《中华人民共和国邮政法》中有关邮政企业赔偿标准规定,这不仅是对《邮政法》的误读,也违反了《合同法》、《消费者权益保护法》有关自愿原则、公平原则的规定。况且,新《邮政法》已明确规定,对未保价快件的赔偿应当按照民事法律进行赔偿。因此,快递企业对未保价快件的赔偿标准不再直接适用《邮政法》中有关邮政企业赔偿标准的规定了。再次,本文对快递企业验收制度进行了分析。长期以来,“先签后验”还是“先验后签”,一直是快递企业、消费者所关心的问题。随着《快递服务》新标准出台,不再统一规定“先签后验”或者“先验后签”,而是将快件进行分类,按照不同的标准进行验收。为了更好的保护消费者的合法权益,消费者在平时网购投递、收件过程中应加强自我保护意识,快递企业要贯彻落实新标准有关验视、文明分拣的规定,并不断提升快递企业管理水平,只有在源头上保证快件的安全,才能更好的贯彻落实验收制度。快递行业是一个新兴的有潜力的行业,长期以来,快递行业的入行门槛偏低,快递行业发展较为混乱。因此,要保障快递行业高速健康发展,不仅需要有健全的法律法规做基础,还需要从快递行业的监管、快递企业的自律意识,快递企业管理水平等多方面的入手,只有这样才能使得我国的快递业日趋规范,在与国际同行业竞争对手的竞争中获得竞争优势,达到与消费者共赢的目的。
[Abstract]:As a new service trade activity, express has extended into every field of the national economy, and plays an indispensable role in the big stage of the market economy. However, the rise of any new things will inevitably bring about two sides. The express enterprises have set up a series of lines in order to protect their own interests and avoid legal obligations. Rules, format terms, cause the frequent legal disputes in the express industry. Therefore, this paper, through the study of express service contract format terms, analyzes the validity of express format terms, hoping to strengthen consumers' understanding of the express service contract format terms, improve consumers' awareness of protection from me, further guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and promote the legal rights and interests of consumers, Into the positive development of the express industry.
First, the article discusses the related issues of the express service contract. The express enterprises use the marine transportation insurance system for reference to the express industry, and expect to limit the liability of express enterprises and reduce the risk of express enterprises through the price clauses. However, the express delivery enterprises are in the management of the premium and the premium. There are still shortcomings. For example, the express company does not manage the premium express and the uninsured express, and does not take more security measures for the express express. The express company has not set up a special premium fund, but directly input the premium into the ordinary transportation cost, so that the premium is not really effective. So, the state related laws and regulations, the industry standards have not unified the price insurance rate of express enterprises so far, which leads to the different standards of express enterprises and is not conducive to the good competition of the express industry. Therefore, only the state set the fair and appropriate price standard as soon as possible, and the express enterprises will continue to strengthen the management of the insurance price express and the premium. The advantage of the insurance price system is to balance the interests of express companies and consumers.
Secondly, this paper studies the validity of the uninsured express compensation standard. The express company usually damages the uninsured express by 2-10 times the basic freight, the highest one of which is 20 times the basic freight. The provision of the express company's compensation for the uninsured express is derived from < China. The postal law of the people's Republic of China stipulates that this is not only a misreading of the postal law, but also a violation of the provisions of the contract law, the law on the protection of the rights and interests of the consumer, the principle of equity, and the principle of fairness. Moreover, the new postal law has clearly stipulated that the compensation for the uninsured express shall be compensated in accordance with the civil law. The compensation standard of express company for uninsured express is no longer directly applicable.
Again, this article analyses the acceptance system of express enterprises. For a long time, "first sign and post" or "prior post sign" has always been the concern of the express enterprises and consumers. With the introduction of "Express Service >" new standards, it is no longer unified to stipulate "first sign post" or "prior post sign", but classify the express parts to be classified according to the difference. In order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, consumers should strengthen self-protection awareness in the process of daily online purchase and collection. Express enterprises should carry out the new standards related inspection, civilization sorting regulations, and constantly improve the management level of express enterprises, only guarantee the safety of express parts at the source. Better implementation of the acceptance system.
Express industry is a new and potential industry. For a long time, the entrance threshold of express industry is low and the development of express industry is more chaotic. Therefore, to ensure the rapid and healthy development of express industry, it needs not only sound laws and regulations, but also the supervision of express industry, self-discipline consciousness of express enterprises and express enterprise management. Only in this way can we make the express industry in our country become more and more standardized, gain the competitive advantage in the competition with the competitors of the international industry, and achieve the goal of winning the win-win situation with the consumers.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.296;D923.6

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