表见代理判断标准重构:民商区分模式及其制度构造

发布时间：2018-07-21 12:46

【摘要】：我国表见代理制度缺乏可操作性的判断标准,极不利于司法裁判的稳定性,故应立足于我国实践,并借鉴域外立法与实践,对我国表见代理判断标准展开系统的反思与重构。在表见代理构成要件的认识方面,应认为《合同法》49条所规定的"相对人有理由相信"包含了"本人可归责性"的要件。因此,在表见代理的判断方面,应强调第三人善意无过失及"本人可归责性"的构成要件。以此为前提,在表见代理判断标准的重构方面,我国应在一般构成要件的基础上,对表见代理的判断标准进行民商区分,即通过对主体身份的区分来具体判断第三人及本人的过错状态。其具体方案为确认经营者身份的特殊性,使其与普通人身份相对照,从而提高表见代理判断的准确性。
[Abstract]:The apparent agency system in our country lacks the operational judgment standard, which is extremely unfavorable to the stability of the judicial judgment. Therefore, it should be based on the practice of our country, and draw lessons from the legislation and practice outside the country to carry out a systematic reflection and reconstruction of the judgment standard of apparent agency in our country. In the aspect of understanding the constitutive elements of apparent agency, it should be considered that the "relative party has reason to believe" in Article 49 of contract Law contains the element of "personal imputability". Therefore, in the judgment of apparent agent, we should emphasize the constitutive elements of the third party's good faith and no fault and "personal imputability". On this premise, in the aspect of reconstruction of the judgment standard of apparent agency, our country should distinguish between civil and commercial people on the basis of general constitutive elements. That is to say, the third person and his fault state are judged by distinguishing the subject identity. The concrete scheme is to confirm the particularity of the operator's identity and make it compare with the common person's identity, so as to improve the accuracy of the judgment of apparent agent.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;河海大学法学院;
【分类号】：D923

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